Mpls Qos Jayk

MPLS-QoS
Jay Kumarasamy jayk@cisco.com
2001, Cisco Systems.
Agenda
QoS Models Differentiated Model Features Modular QoS CLI (MQC) MPLS QoS Sample Examples
2001 Cisco Systems, Inc.
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QoS Models
Integrated Services (IntServ)
Differentiated Services (Diffserv)
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The QoS Pendulum

Time
No state
Aggregated state DiffServ
Per-flow state
Best Effort
IntServ / RSVP
1. The original IP service 2. First efforts at IP QoS 3. Seeking simplicity and scale 4. Bandwidth Optimization & e2e SLAs ((IntServ+DiffServ+ Traffic Engineering))
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Integrated Model
Application requests a specific kind of QoS service, through explicit signaling.
Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is used by applications to signal their QoS requirements to the router. Complex to use. Difficult to support with a large number of RSVP connections, due to: the amount of state information required for every flow. the amount of control traffic
Fine grain, providing strict QoS.

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Differentiated Model
Qos is provided by differential treatment to each packet or class of packets. No explicit signaling from the application. This model is appropriate for aggregate flows. Coarse grain, not strict QoS (no guarantees).
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Differentiated Model Divide Traffic into Classes

Differentiated IP Services
E-Commerce
Voice
Platinum Class Low Latency
Gold
Application Traffic E-mail, Web Browsing Voice
Traffic Classification Silver
Guaranteed: Latency and Delivery
Guaranteed Delivery
Bronze
Best Effort Delivery

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Differentiated Model
Classification/ Marking policy Drop policy Scheduling policy
Switching Fabric
rx queue tx queue tx hw
recv hw
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Agenda
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Differential Model Features
Classification Marking Policing and Shaping Congestion Avoidance Congestion Management
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Differentiated Model Features Classification
Most fundamental QoS building block
The component of a QoS feature that recognizes and distinguishes between different traffic streams Without classification, all packets are treated the same
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Differentiated Model Features Marking

Layer 3 IPV4
Version ToS Length 1 Byte Len ID Offset TTL Proto FCS IP-SA IP-DA Data
IP Precedence
DSCP
Unused Bits;
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Label | EXP |S| TTL | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

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Differentiated Model Features Policing and Shaping

Policing is the QoS component that limits incoming traffic flow to a configured bit rate Shaping is the QoS feature component that regulates outgoing traffic flow to a configured bit rate
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Differentiated Model Features Congestion Avoidance

Drop Policy
Tail Drop Random Early Detection (RED)
Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED)
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Differentiated Model Features Congestion Management

Scheduling Policy
FIFO Fair Queuing
Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ)

Class Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ) Low Latency Queuing (LLQ)
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Agenda
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Modular QoS CLI

Modular QoS CLI (MQC)
Command syntax introduced in 12.0(5)T
Reduces configuration steps and time Uniform CLI across all main Cisco IOS-based platforms Uniform CLI structure for all QoS features
www.cisco.com
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Basic MQC Commands

router(config)#
class-map [match-any | match-all] class-name
1. Create Class Map - a traffic class ( match access list, input

interface, IP Prec, DSCP, protocol (NBAR) src/dst MAC address, mpls exp).
router(config)#
policy-map policy-map-name
2. Create Policy Map (Service Policy) - Associate a

class map with one or more QoS policies (bandwidth, police, queuelimit, random detect, shape, set prec, set DSCP, set mpls exp).
router(config-if)#
service-policy {input | output} policy-map-name
3. Attach Service Policy - Associate the policy map with an

input or output interface.
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Basic MQC Commands

1. Create Class Map
Router(config)# class-map class1 Router(config-cmap)# match ip precedence 5 Router(config-cmap)# exit
2. Create Policy Map

Router(config)# policy-map policy1 Router(config-pmap)# class class1 Router(config-pmap-c)# set mpls experimental 5 Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth 3000 Router(config-pmap-c)# queue-limit 30 Router(config-pmap)# exit
3. Attach Service Policy

Router(config)# interface e1/1 Router(config-if)# service-policy output policy1 Router(config-if)# exit
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Agenda
QoS Models Differentiated Model Features Modular QoS CLI (MQC) MPLS Quality of Service Sample Examples
www.cisco.com
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MPLS QoS
ATM-LSR
Conventional Router
Label Edge Routers
Label Switching Router (LSR)
Note: End to end service is IP; therefore, IP class of service is what MPLS must support
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MPLS QoS
ISP Customer
2) Match IP Prec/DSCP; Set MPLS EXP. Rate-limit/Police and apply drop policy MPLS
Core
3) Invoke QoS Policy Action Based on Edge Classification (based on MPLS EXP), e.g. LLQ, CBWFQ, Drop Policy Low Priority via WRED if rate limit exceeded
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1) Packet Classification through IP Prec/DSCP
MPLS QoS
Differentiated Model approach: Set IP precedence or MPLS Exp bit at the edge of the network WRED by MPLS Exp, and WFQ by class in the core
Because MPLS is there primarily to transport IP, MPLSs primary QoS goal is to support existing IP QoS models
Because MPLS is there to support very large scale operations, MPLS should also be capable of supporting Diff-Serv in the future
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MPLS QoS
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Label | EXP |S| TTL | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Copy of IP Precedence into MPLS EXP

Mapping of IP Precedence into MPLS EXP
Non-MPLS Domain IPv4 Packet MPLS Domain MPLS Hdr
Prec: xyz
MPLS EXP: xyz

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Prec: xyz
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MPLS QoS Diff-Serv : Jargon

PHB = Per Hop Behavior The Diff-Serv treatment (scheduling/dropping) applied by a Router to all the packets which are to experience the same Diff-Serv service
DSCP = Differentiated Services Code Point The value in the IP Header indicating which PHB is to be applied to the packet BA = Behavior Aggregate The set of all the packets which have the same DSCP (and thus that will receive the same PHB) OA = Ordered Aggregate The set of BAs which have an ordering constraint (must go into the same queue) PSC = PHB Scheduling Class The set of PHBs applied to an OA (the set of PHBs using the same queue)
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MPLS QoS Diff-Serv : DSCP

DSCP
EF
1 0 1 1 1 0
DSCP
CU
AFxy
x x x y y 0
Class
Drop Precedence
CU
AF Class = 1, 2, 3, 4
Drop Precedence = 2, 4, 6
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MPLS QoS Diff-Serv over MPLS

Two methods:
E-LSP Queue inferred from Label and EXP field drop priority inferred from label and EXP field
L-LSP Queue inferred exclusively from Label
drop priority inferred from EXP field

<draft-ietf-mpls-diff-ext-03.txt>, by Francious Le Faucheur, et al
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MPLS QoS E-LSP Example

LDP/RSVP LSR LDP/RSVP
E-LSP
AF1 EF
E-LSPs can be established by various label binding protocols (LDP or RSVP) Example above illustrates support of EF and AF1 on single E-LSP
Note: EF and AF1 packets travel on single LSP (single label) but are enqueued in different queues (different EXP values)
Queue is selected based on EXP

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MPLS QoS L-LSP Example

LDP/RSVP LSR LDP/RSVP
L-LSPs
L-LSPs can be established by various label binding protocols (LDP or RSVP) Example above illustrates support of EF and AF1 on separate L-LSPs
EF and AF1 packets travel on separate LSPs and are enqueued in different queues (different label values)
Queue is selected based on label, Discard is based on ESP

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MPLS QoS Edge DiffServ LSR with L-LSP

Non-MPLS Diff-Serv Domain IPv4 Packet
Edge LSR
MPLS Diff-Serv Domain

MPLS Header
DSCP
DSCP
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Label | EXP |S| TTL | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
1) identify incoming packets BA looking at incoming DSCP 2) pick the LSP/label which supports the right FEC and the right BA 3) mark the EXP field to reflect the packets BA
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MPLS QoS Signaling

E-LSPs can be set up with existing (non-DS-aware) signalling LDP, RSVP etc. EXP -> PHB mapping is configured on every router as per Diffserv L-LSPs require signalling extension to bind queue to a label New DIFFSERV object/TLV added to RSVP/LDP to signal the queue in which to enqueue the label
Meaning of EXP bits is well-known (ie standardised for each PSC)

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MPLS QoS E-LSP & L-LSP Applicability

MPLS over PPP and LAN:
both E-LSPs and L-LSPs are applicable
MPLS over ATM:

only L-LSPs possible (EXP is not seen by ATM LSR)
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MPLS QoS
On non-ATM LSRs, MPLS-QoS is simple Copy or Map IP precedence to MPLS exp field Exact same mechanism as IP-QoS Net result is end-to-end QoS indistinguishable from non-MPLS (IP) network
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MPLS QoS
MPLS QoS on ATM-LSRs
Two Challenges:
No WRED in switches No EXP field in header
Solution Modes:
ATM Forum PVC Multi VC (LSP)
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MPLS QoS ATM Forum PVC Mode

ATM-LSR
PVC
Looks like packet interface to MPLS QoS BW and other parameters configured on the PVC Requires significant amount of configuration
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MPLS QoS Multi VC Mode

MPLS LVCs
ATM-LSR
MPLS ATM core provides MPLS QoS at each link
Configure each non-ATM LSR to support a number of classes (2-4)
Parallel LVCs automatically established

Assign weight to each class
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MPLS QoS Multi VC Mode

Queuing is done through CBWFQ (eg. Premium gets 80% of link, standard gets 20%) Unused bandwidth available to other classes No per-router-pair configuration required, as in ATM Forum PVC
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Agenda
QoS Models Differentiated Model Features Modular QoS CLI (MQC) MPLS Class of Service Examples
www.cisco.com
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Examples
MPLS Network
PE 2 PE 3
CE 1 P3 PE 1 PE 4
CE 4
CE 2 PE 5
CE 3
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Examples
! Matching voice traffic from customer 1 Pe1(config)# class-map match-all cus1_voice Pe1(config-cmap)# match interface POS1/0 Pe1(config-cmap)# match ip precedence 4 Pe1(config-cmap)# end ! Matching voice traffic from customer 2 Pe1(config)# class-map match-all cus2_voice Pe1(config-cmap)# match interface POS1/1 Pe1(config-cmap)# match ip precedence 5 Pe1(config-cmap)# end ! Matching any e2e traffic Pe1(config)# class-map erp Pe1(config-cmap)# match ip precedence 2 Pe1(config-cmap)# end
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Examples
Pe1(config)# class-map isp_voice Pe1(config-cmap)# match mpls experimental 4 Pe1(config-cmap)# end Pe1(config)# class-map isp_erp Pe1(config-cmap)# match mpls experimental 2 Pe1(config-cmap)# end Pe1(config)# class-map isp_routine Pe1(config-cmap)# match mpls experimental 1 Pe1(config-cmap)# end
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Examples
! Input Policy for setting experimental 4, 2, 1
Pe1(config)# policy-map pe1_input Pe1(config-pmap)# class cus1_voice Pe1(config-pmap-c)# set mpls experimental 4 Pe1(config-pmap-c)# exit Pe1(config-pmap)# class cus2_voice Pe1(config-pmap-c)# set mpls experimental 4 Pe1(config-pmap-c)# exit Pe1(config-pmap)# class erp Pe1(config-pmap-c)# set mpls experimental 2 Pe1(config-pmap-c)# exit Pe1(config-pmap)# class class-default Pe1(config-pmap-c)# set mpls experimental 1 Pe1(config-pmap)# exit
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Examples
! Output Policy for configuring bandwidth, queue
Pe1(config)# policy-map policy pe1_output Pe1(config-pmap)# class isp_voice Pe1(config-pmap-c)# priority 100 Pe1(config-pmap-c)# exit Pe1(config-pmap)# class isp_erp Pe1(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth 50 Pe1(config-pmap-c)# queue-limit 30 Pe1(config-pmap-c)# exit Pe1(config-pmap)# class class-default Pe1(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth 20 Pe1(config-pmap-c)# queue-limit 100 Pe1(config-pmap-c)# exit Pe1(config-pmap)# exit
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Examples
Pe1(config)# interface POS1/0 Pe1(config-if)# service-policy input pe1_input Pe1(config)# interface POS1/1 Pe1(config-if)# service-policy input pe1_input Pe1(config)# interface POS2/0 Pe1(config-if)# service-policy output pe1_output
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Examples
MPLS Network
PE 2 PE 3
CE 1
PE 1 LC-ATM
LSC1
CE 4 PE 4
ATM Core
CE 2 PE 5
CE 3
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Examples
Pe1(config)# ATM1/0 Pe1(config-if)# no ip address Pe1(config-if)# atm clock INTERNAL Pe1(config-if)# no atm ilmi-keepalive Pe1(config-if)# exit Pe1(config)# interface ATM1/0.1 tag-switching Pe1(config-if)# ip unnumbered loopback0 Pe1(config-if)# tag-switching multi-vc Pe1(config-if)# tag-switching atm vpi 2-5 Pe1(config-if)# tag-switching ip ! Sets up 3 LVCs. Pe1(config)# cos-map 1 Pe1(config-mpls-cos-map)# class 3 standard Pe1(config-mpls-cos-map)# exit
! 3 - standard ! 2 - premium ! 1 - standard ! 0 available Pe1(config)# mpls prefix-map 1 access-list 1 cos-map 1

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Examples
! Matching voice traffic from customer 1 Pe1(config)# class-map match-all cus1_voice Pe1(config-cmap)# match interface POS1/0 Pe1(config-cmap)# match ip precedence 4 Pe1(config-cmap)# end ! Matching voice traffic from customer 2 Pe1(config)# class-map match-all cus2_voice Pe1(config-cmap)# match interface POS1/1 Pe1(config-cmap)# match ip precedence 5 Pe1(config-cmap)# end ! Matching any e2e traffic Pe1(config)# class-map erp Pe1(config-cmap)# match ip precedence 2 Pe1(config-cmap)# end
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Examples
P! Input Policy for setting experimental 2, 1, 0 e1(config)# policy-map pe1_input Pe1(config-pmap)# class cus1_voice Pe1(config-pmap-c)# set mpls experimental 2 Pe1(config-pmap-c)# exit Pe1(config-pmap)# class cus2_voice Pe1(config-pmap-c)# set mpls experimental 2 Pe1(config-pmap-c)# exit Pe1(config-pmap)# class erp Pe1(config-pmap-c)# set mpls experimental 1 Pe1(config-pmap-c)# exit Pe1(config-pmap)# class class-default Pe1(config-pmap-c)# set mpls experimental 0 Pe1(config-pmap)# exit Pe1(config)# class-map isp_voice Pe1(config-cmap)# match mpls experimental 2 Pe1(config-cmap)# end
! Voice for customer 1
! Voice for customer 2
! ERP data
! All other traffic
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Examples
Pe1(config)# class-map isp_erp Pe1(config-cmap)# match mpls experimental 1 Pe1(config-cmap)# end Pe1(config)# class-map isp_available Pe1(config-cmap)# match mpls experimental 0 Pe1(config-cmap)# end ! Output Policy for configuring bandwidth, queue Pe1(config)# policy-map policy pe1_output Pe1(config-pmap)# class isp_voice Pe1(config-pmap-c)# priority 100
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Examples
Pe1(config-pmap-c)# exit Pe1(config-pmap)# class isp_erp Pe1(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth 50 Pe1(config-pmap-c)# queue-limit 30 Pe1(config-pmap-c)# exit Pe1(config-pmap)# class isp_available Pe1(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth 20 Pe1(config-pmap-c)# queue-limit 100 Pe1(config-pmap-c)# exit Pe1(config-pmap)# exit
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Examples
LSC1
Interface XTagATM11 extended-port ATM3/0 bpx 1.1 tag-switching atm vpi 2-15 tag-switching atm cos available 20 tag-switching atm cos standard 30 tag-switching atm cos premium 50 tag-switching ip Interface XTagATM12 extended-port ATM3/0 bpx 1.2 tag-switching atm vpi 2-15 tag-switching atm cos available 20 tag-switching atm cos standard 30 tag-switching atm cos premium 50 tag-switching ip
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Thank You!
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Mpls Qos Jayk

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MPLS-QoS

Jay Kumarasamy jayk@cisco.com

2001, Cisco Systems.

2001 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Integrated Services (IntServ)

Differentiated Services (Diffserv)

2001 Cisco Systems, Inc.

The QoS Pendulum

Aggregated state DiffServ

Fine grain, providing strict QoS.

2001 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Differentiated Model Divide Traffic into Classes

Platinum Class Low Latency

Traffic Classification Silver

Guaranteed: Latency and Delivery

Best Effort Delivery

2001 Cisco Systems, Inc.

2001 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Differential Model Features

Classification Marking Policing and Shaping Congestion Avoidance Congestion Management

2001 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Differentiated Model Features Classification

Most fundamental QoS building block

2001 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Differentiated Model Features Marking

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Label | EXP |S| TTL | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Differentiated Model Features Policing and Shaping

Differentiated Model Features Congestion Avoidance

Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED)

2001 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Differentiated Model Features Congestion Management

Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ)

2001 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Modular QoS CLI

2001 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Basic MQC Commands

class-map [match-any | match-all] class-name

1. Create Class Map - a traffic class ( match access list, input

2. Create Policy Map (Service Policy) - Associate a

service-policy {input | output} policy-map-name

3. Attach Service Policy - Associate the policy map with an

Basic MQC Commands

2. Create Policy Map

3. Attach Service Policy

2001 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Label Edge Routers

Label Switching Router (LSR)

1) Packet Classification through IP Prec/DSCP

2001 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Copy of IP Precedence into MPLS EXP

MPLS EXP: xyz

MPLS QoS Diff-Serv : Jargon

MPLS QoS Diff-Serv : DSCP

MPLS QoS Diff-Serv over MPLS

L-LSP Queue inferred exclusively from Label

drop priority inferred from EXP field

MPLS QoS E-LSP Example

Queue is selected based on EXP

MPLS QoS L-LSP Example

Queue is selected based on label, Discard is based on ESP

MPLS QoS Edge DiffServ LSR with L-LSP

MPLS Diff-Serv Domain

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Label | EXP |S| TTL | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+