Chemical Reactions

Section 2.4

2.4

Chemical Reactions
Iron is abundant, easy to shape

when heated, and relatively strong, especially when mixed with carbon in steel. Over time, objects made of iron will rust if they are left exposed to air. Rusting is a chemical change. You will learn to recognize chemical changes and to distinguish them from physical changes in this section.

Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes

The ability of a substance to undergo a specific

chemical change is called a chemical property. Chemical properties can be used to identify a substance. But chemical properties can be observed only when a substance undergoes a chemical change. Chemical Change- the composition or identity of the matter changes. A new substance or new substances are formed.
This is different from a physical change because

during a physical change the composition of the matter remains the same.

Physical Change
A magnet separates iron from sulfur. This is an

example of a physical change

2.4

Chemical Changes
A mixture of iron and sulfur is heated. The iron

and sulfur react and form iron sulfide. This is an example of a chemical change.

Chemical Changes
A chemical change is also called a chemical

reaction. One or more substances change into one or more new substances during a chemical reaction. A substance present at the start of the reaction is a reactant. A substance produced in the reaction is a product.

Chemical Changes
Possible clues to chemical change include:

a transfer of energy
the production of a gas a change in color

the formation of a precipitate:

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A precipitate is a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture.

Do these 4 indication of chemical change ALWAYS mean chemical changes??

Transfer of energy Fire always means chemical change Heat, cooling, and light can indicate either type of

change. To be certain of the type of change, the identity of the substance must be examined.
Production of a gas A gas produced when heat is added, such as during

boiling is likely to be a physical change The production of gas without the addition of heat indicates a chemical change

Do these 4 indication of chemical change ALWAYS mean chemical changes??

Change in color
If blue and yellow are mixed and form green, this is

likely a physical change. If 2 clear solutions are combined and a colored solution forms, this is a chemical change.
In other words, if an unexpected color change occurs, a

chemical change occurred.

Precipitate
If dirt settles out of a mixture of dirty water, this is

not a true precipitate- this is a physical change. A true precipitate- one that forms from 2 solutionsalways indicates a chemical change.

Conservation of Mass
The law of conservation of mass states

that in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved. The conservation of mass is easily observed when a change occurs in a closed container.