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Electrolysis describes what happens in an electrolytic cell and means to use electricity to make chemicals. Many elements are made by electrolysis Pb I2 Pb2+ 2ClAl O2 Zn Na K Li H2 Cl2 F2
This is sometimes called electrowinning- the element is won from its ion
Making Aluminum by Electrolysis Alcan (70,000 employees in 55 countries) Kitimat B.C. 2.7 MT 7 % world production
Aluminum
Aluminum Production by Electrolysis Name of the Ore imported from (Guinea and Brazil) Bauxite Al2O3.3H2O Heating drives off the water Al2O3.3H2O + Heat Al2O3 + Melting point of Bauxite is 2045 0C
3H2O
This is too hot! Cryolite is added Lowers the melting point to 1000 0C
Reduction of water
Oxygen gas
C
Al3+
O2Al2O3(l)
Oxidation
Anode
Electroplating
Au plating a Cu penny Electroplating is the process of reducing a metal on to the surface of another Electrolyte: Must contain the ion of the metal that plates Cathode: The metal to be covered with a new metal Anode: Metal to be plated on top the other metal
DC Power +
Cu
Au+ CN-
-ve
AuCN
Au plated
Copper Ring
Gold Plated
Electroplating
Ag plating a Loonie
DC Power +
$1
Ag+ NO3-
Electrorefinning Lead Trail, B.C. Teck 16 mines in BC Major World Producer of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Coal
Lead Refinery-Trail
The Electrorefinning of Lead Electrorefining is the process of purifying a metal by electrolysis. The electrolyte must contain Pb Impure metal is oxidized at the anode and pure metal is reduced at the cathode. This is the same as electroplating.
DC Power +
Cathode: Pure Pb
Anode: Impure Pb
Pb2+ NO3-
Pb oxidizes
Zn oxidizes
Pb2+ reduces
The Electrorefinning of Lead Electrorefining is the process of purifying a metal by electrolysis. The electrolyte must contain Pb Impure metal is oxidized at the anode and pure metal is reduced at the cathode. This is the same as electroplating.
DC Power +
Cathode: Pure Pb
Anode: Impure Pb
Au Ag
Solid Au and Cu are released from the anode and fall to the bottom
Video of the thermite reaction used to make Iron The Thermite reaction is very exothermic and produces white hot molten iron.
Fe2O3 + 2Al(s) Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(l) + energy