What Is VOIP

Voice over IP (VoIP) chops-up your voice into small chunks. 1. Sends these small chunks as packets over the Internet (IP). 2. The far-end plays back the IP packets back into voice. Some general notes The quality of VoIP depends on the compression method (CODEC) and the network conditions. It ranges from toll quality to Cell Phone

What Is VOIP?

Analog or Digital voice circuit

VoIP Gateway

IP Packets with Voice Samples

VoIP Gateway

Analog or Digital voice circuit

IP Network Internet

Voice and Data Transmission Networks

Voice Requirements - real-time (critical) - small bandwidth (narrow band) - constant bit rate Data Requirements - non real-time - enormous bandwidth (broad band) - variable bit rate

Circuit Switched Networks Packet Switched Networks - fixed allocation of - no allocation of bandwidth bandwidth - fixed size of channels - flexible use of (64 kbps) bandwidth PSTN/ISDN- Network IP/ATM/FR- Networks

Features of Circuit Switched Networks

Appropriate for real time applications
Small and predominantly constant delay times Connection-oriented

Fixed allocation of bandwidth (n*64 kbit/s)

Circuit Switching
Phone 1
Switch

Phone 3

Switch

Switch

Traffic between Phone 2 and Phone 3

Phone 2
Traffic between Phone 1 and Phone 4

Phone 4

Features of Packet Switched Networks

hardly appropriate for real-time applications
highly variable delays (depending on the load level) for the most part connectionless

flexible use of bandwidth

Packet Switching
PC Client 1
Router

Server a

Router

Router

Traffic bw. PC 2 and Server a

PC Client 2

Traffic bw. PC 1 and Server b

Server b

Voice over IP - History

Februar 1995: first VoIP-solution on the market (Fa. VocalTec/IL) January 1996: IETF standardizes RTP (RFC1889) May 1996: ITU-T adopts H.323

VoIP PC-to-PC

VoIP PC

IP-Netz, z.B. LAN

VoIP PC

or IP-Phone

or IP-Phone

VoIP Media Gateways

allow access for subscribers connected to external networks
act as a kind of interpreter, for example between IP and PSTN networks

calls from the (cheaper) data network can be forwarded at the PSTN

VoIP PC-to-Phone

VoIP PC

IP-Network

PSTN-Network

MG

VoIP Media Gateway

PSTNTelephone

VoIP Phone-to-Phone
IP-Network

MG
PSTN-Network

MG
PSTN-Network

PSTN Telephone

PSTN Telephone

Gatekeeper
centralized control of call set up and release
supplementary functionality: - address resolution - control of bandwidth resources - charging Features: - knocking - to act as a broker - etc.

VoIP Gatekeeper
Gatekeeper

VoIP PC

VoIP PC

IP-Network, e.g. LAN

Real-time requirements for data network

short distances
high-speed network elements (Router, Switches) necessary bandwidth must be available Solutions: I) Over Provisioning II) QoS-Mechanisms (IntServ, DiffServ, MPLS)

Characteristic of Voice and Data Traffic

Voice traffic profile (schematic)

1,25

Volume

0,75

0,5

0,25

13

17

21

25

29

33

37

41

45

49
49

Time

Data traffic profile (schem atic)

1,25

1 0,75

Volume

0,5 0,25

13

17

21

25

29

33

37

41

45

Time

53

53

Why do need VOIP?

Utilizing the existing IP network infrastructure and providing integrated services (Data + Voice) Reducing costs of calls including international, national and local calls

Advantages of VoIP for network operators

more efficient use of the network - silence detection - compression low costs - a unique network (Administration, Operation, Maintainence) high innovation pace - open interfaces allow seamless and quick integration of innovations from different manufactureres (between Gatekeeper and transmission technique) Integration of voice and data services (Multimedia)

Advantages for users and subscribers

unique Infrastructure (one communication technique) only one network access new innovative services (Click-to-Call, etc.)