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Electrical Terms
Current -- electrical movement (measured in amps) Voltage--Voltage is electric potential energy per unit charge, measured in joules per coulomb (volts). Circuit -- complete path of the current. Includes electricity source, a conductor, and the output device or load (such as a lamp, tool, or heater) Resistance -- restriction to electrical flow Conductors substances, like metals, with little resistance to electricity that allow electricity to flow Grounding a conductive connection to the earth which acts as a protective measure Insulators -- substances with high resistance to electricity like glass, porcelain, plastic, and dry wood that prevent 3 electricity from getting to unwanted areas
Issues to remember..
Accidents can happened to anyone, anywhere, anytime.. Accidents are all alike.
All accidents are preventable. Everyone must prevent accidents
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COMPETENT PERSON
Wireman (Pendawai Elektrik ), PW1 to PW6 Chargeman (Penjaga Jentera Elektrik ), A0 to A4 Electrical Supervisor (Penyelia Elektrik ) Cable Jointer (Pencantum Kabel ) Competent Engineer (Jurutera Elektrik Kompeten ) Service Electrical Engineer (Jurutera Elektrik Perkhidmatan ) Competent Resident Electrical Engineer (Jurutera Elektrik Kompeten Residen )
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Electrical Shock
An electrical shock is received when electrical current passes through the body. You will get an electrical shock if a part of your body completes an electrical circuit by Touching a live wire and an electrical ground, or Touching a live wire and another wire at a different voltage.
Shock Severity
Severity of the shock depends on: Path of current through the body Amount of current flowing through the body (amps) Duration of the shocking current through the body
LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT MEAN LOW HAZARD
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5 milliamps
Defibrillator in use
Electrical Injuries
Types of electrical injuries: Direct:
Electrocution or death due to electrical shock Electrical shock Burns Electric static Brightness
Indirect:
Falls Fire Explosions Temperatures Chemical / Radiations and etc..
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Burns
Most common shockrelated injury Occurs when you touch electrical wiring or equipment that is improperly used or maintained Typically occurs on hands Very serious injury that needs immediate attention
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The knee on the left was energized, and the knee on the right was grounded.
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All fire extinguishers are marked with letter(s) that tell you the kinds of fires they can put out. The letters and symbols are explained below (including suggestions on how to remember them).
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Falls
Electric shock can also cause indirect injuries
Workers in elevated locations who experience a shock may fall, resulting in serious injury or death
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Same Level
Different Level
Slipping from surfaces covered with spilled water, oil , or other chemicals.
OSHA Office of Training & Education 19
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Temperature
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Chemical
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Compressions occur when the feet or toes are rolled over or pressed between heavy objects.
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Punctures from a nail or other sharp object piercing through the sole of the foot.
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Electricity when stepping on live equipment with a non insulated steel toe cap.
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Chemical Handling
Acids, alkali, etc are serious, frequent sources of danger which could produces chemical burn and permanent damage to the eyes.
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Replace covers
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Conductors going into them must be protected, and unused openings must be closed
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Close Openings
Junction boxes, pull boxes and fittings must have approved covers Unused openings in cabinets, boxes and fittings must be closed
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Tag de-energized equipment and circuits at all points where they can be energized Tags must identify equipment or circuits being worked on
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Pada 5 Ogos 2008, pemandu lori yang sedang memunggah naik jentera cerucuk (piling rig) ke atas trailernya telah terkena renjatan elektrik. Kejadian ini berlaku semasa memunggah naik jentera cerucuk berkenaan yang pada kedudukan terlalu hampir sehingga menyentuh kabel talian aerial voltan tinggi 11,000 volt.Keadaan ini menyebabkan badan lori berkenaan dicaj pada voltan 11,000 volt dan arus elektrik tidak dapat mengalir ke bumi disebabkan oleh tayar lori tersebut dan jalan bertar yang kering telah bertindak sebagai penebat. Apabila pemandu lori berkenaan cuba membuka pintu lorinya, arus elektrik mengalirkan melalui tubuhnya ke bumi. Pemandu lori meninggal dunia di tempat kejadian akibat terkena renjatan elektrik.
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Inadequate Wiring
Hazard - wire too small for the current Example - portable tool with an extension cord that has a wire too small for the tool The tool will draw more current than Wire Gauge the cord can handle, causing overheating and a possible fire without tripping the circuit breaker WIRE The circuit breaker could be the right size for the circuit but not for the Wire gauge measures smaller-wire extension cord wires ranging in size from
number 36 to 0 Standard wire gauge (SWG)
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Damaged Cords
Cords can be damaged by: Aging Door or window edges Staples or fastenings Abrasion from adjacent materials Activity in the area Improper use can cause shocks, burns or fire
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DO NOT use flexible wiring where frequent inspection would be difficult or where damage would be likely.
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Grounding
Grounding creates a lowresistance path from a tool to the earth to disperse unwanted current. When a short or lightning occurs, energy flows to the ground, protecting you from electrical shock, injury and death.
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Improper Grounding
Tools plugged into improperly grounded circuits may become energized Broken wire or plug on extension cord
Some of the most frequently violated OSHA standards
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Overloaded Circuits
Hazards may result from: Too many devices plugged into a circuit, causing heated wires and possibly a fire Damaged tools overheating Lack of over current protection Wire insulation melting, which may cause arcing and a fire in the area where the overload exists, even inside a wall
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Dont fasten extension cords with staples, hang from nails, or suspend by wire.
Wet clothing, high humidity, and perspiration increase your chances of being electrocuted.
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Wet Conditions
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Never store anything in the top of your hard hat while you are wearing it.
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Respiratory Protection
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Eye Protection
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Lifting Of Weights
Working at Heights
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Training
Train employees / student working with electric equipment in safe work practices, including:
Deenergize electric equipment before inspecting or repairing Using cords, cables, and electric tools that are in good repair Lockout / Tag out recognition and procedures Use appropriate protective equipment
Summary
Hazards :
Hazards :
Inadequate wiring is dangerous. Using the wrong PPE is Exposed electrical parts are dangerous. dangerous. Using the wrong tool is Overhead power lines are dangerous. dangerous. Some on-site chemicals are Wires with bad insulation can harmful. give you a shock. Defective ladders and Electrical systems and tools that scaffolding are dangerous. are not grounded or double Ladders that conduct electricity insulated are dangerous. are dangerous. Overloaded circuits are Electrical hazards can be made dangerous. worse if the worker, location, or equipment is wet. Damaged power tools and equipment are electrical hazards. OSHA Office of Training & Education 69
Protections :
Proper grounding Use GFCIs Use fuses and circuit breakers Guard live parts Lockout / Tag out Proper use of flexible cords Close electric panels (Cover) Listed and labeled Free from hazards Used in the proper manner Protected from electrical shock Provided necessary safety equipment OSHA Office of Training & Education Training Eliminate Reduce / substitute Isolate Control Personal protective equipment (PPE) Discipline.
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