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OUTPUT
CARBON BRUSHES
SHAFT
A.C.ARMATURE
SLIPRINGS BEARINGS
30 years ago, A.C Generators were designed with SLIPRINGS and CARBON BRUSHES, to transfer power from the rotating component of the Generator. These had a tendency to wear out, spark, burn, with vibration or high transient load currents. BRUSHLESS Generators are designed to allow output to be taken from the Generator WITHOUT SLIP-RINGS AND BRUSHES.
Bearing
Shaft
PMG Rotor
Rectifier
Bearing
Housings are built into the D.E and NDE Endbrackets Bearings are sealed for life.
Main Rotor
Shaft
Rectifier Fan
Main Stator
Main Rotor
Shaft
Rectifier Fan
To A.V.R Terminals
COIL CONNECTIONS
High-remanence steel core Stores Residual Magnetism 12-14 pole magnet field High frequency Generator
Main Rotor
Shaft
Rectifier
Fan
SHAFT
W
3 Phase A.C output, each Phase connected to 2 diodes on Main Rectifier. High Frequency output, ( from12 to 14 Pole Exciter Stator ). Exciter generator is a magnetic power amplifier for the main rotor current.
Main Rotor
Shaft
Rectifier
Fan
Rectifier Assembly
V
SHAFT SHAFT
U
W Rectifier Assembly Mounted on Exciter rotor Core, (drive end side).
SHAFT
SHAFT SHAFT
Main Rotor
Shaft
Rectifier
Fan
SHAFT
+VE
0 -VE +VE 0 -VE
+
Rectifier Diode Negative Heatsink Anode Stud
+VE 0 -VE
Full wave 3 Phase rectification will produce a D.C output of 1.35 X A.C input voltage
SHAFT
SHAFT
Direction of transient
Typical high voltage transient created by fault condition in the distribution system. Up to 2- 3000V (peak voltage)
Energy absorbed
by Varistor.
Varistor clamping
(Protection) level.
High Transient surges can be created by: Crash Synchronising onto live bus-bars. Electric storm, (lightning), and field effects on overhead lines (distribution systems). Arcing, caused by faulty switching, motor failure, short circuits in the distribution system.
t = sec's.
Main Rotor
Shaft
Rectifier
Fan
Main Rectifier
Aluminium Heat-sinks
Main Rotor
SHAFT
D.C
The Rectifier Output is a smooth D.C Supply across the Aluminium Heat Sinks This is fed to the Main Rotor windings
S
N S
ANTI CLOCK
CLOCK
The Rotor coils are connected in Series (4 Pole Rotor shown). Each coil is reversed to the adjacent coil, producing the required polarity
S
N
SHAFT
Consider the Coils in the slot at 12 O'clock position, marked with the ARROW.
The NEGATIVE Pole of the 4 pole Rotor is directly under the slot, therefore the coil conductors in this slot will be going fully NEGATIVE
The Rotor has now rotated Clockwise 45 , until exactly half-way between Negative and Positive Poles appears beneath the 12 O'clock position. The coil conductors in this slot will now be at ZERO VOLTAGE.
Air Gap
1 Cycle
N
S
SHAFT
The Rotor has now rotated Clockwise 90 , until the POSITIVE Pole is DIRECTLY UNDERNEATH the 12 O'clock position. The coil conductors in this slot will now be at the FULLY POSITIVE position The 4 Poles will produce 2 FULL CYCLES for each 360 FULL REVOLUTION.
4 Pole
2 Pole
S N
SHAFT
N N
SHAFT
S N
SHAFT
S N
SHAFT
Helps dampen speed oscillations resulting from cyclic irregularities in the engine, (cause of light flicker). Stabilises the mechanical systems during large load changes. Stabilises load sharing with other Generators in Parallel. Improves Harmonic Distortion in the Generator waveform
Main Stator
Main Stator Exciter Rotor & Stator Bearing
Main Rotor
Shaft
Rectifier Fan
Copper Windings
COIL TURNS
The output voltage of the stator is determined by the number of turns per coil, the stator core length, the velocity of the magnetic field (rotor), and the strength of the magnetic field. The Current capacity of the coil is determined by the conductor cross sectional area, and number of conductors in parallel.
S N
SHAFT
N
6
V6
Neutral
W V U
W1 3 Phase Output V1
U1
Parallel Star
U
8
U5 Voltage Range 190 to 220 V @ 50 HZ 208 to 240 V @ 60 HZ
8
U2 U6
W6
U6 V6
N
W2 V2 W1
6
W2 W1
V6
V5
W5
V5
V1
W6 V2
W5 V1
The stator windings are connected into six groups. The groups can be connected by Newage, or the customer, to provide different voltage requirements. Special Voltage requirements require special windings, e.g.; 690 Volt for Co-Generation.
Double Delta
6
Voltage Range 220 to 250 V @ 50 HZ, 240 to 277 V @ 60 HZ No Neutral connection. Centre Tap for low volts 1ph only
Voltage Range 220 to 250 V @ 50 HZ, 240 to 277 V @ 60 HZ Single Phase Only, output across U & W Centre Tap (N) for low volts 110 to 125 @ 50 HZ, 120 to 138 @ 60 HZ
U2
Number of Stator leads in parallel increases with current rating of generator, ie: 12, 18, 24, 36, or 48 leads out.
N
W2
V2
6 W1
V1
Each phase group is producing the full line voltage, (all coil groups in each phase are in parallel).
U2
Isolation transformer
N 8
V2
W2
W1
V1
w
6
The AVR Sensing supply is connected to the main stator via a sensing isolation transformer, which is fitted in the main terminal box. Other windings producing higher voltage requirements will require a different transformer ratio, to supply the AVR with the correct voltage adjustment range
The output voltage of the generator is set by adjustment of the AVR Voltage trimmer. The potential voltage range of the AVR can be much higher or lower than the design limits for the Generator windings. The Voltage Range is decided by many inter-dependant design considerations.
A.V.R
Main Stator
Main Rotor
Shaft
Rectifier
Fan
Magnetic Flux
Exciter Rotor
3ph A.C
A.C to D.C
Shaft
THANK U