Soil-Structure Interaction

Abdul Razzaq Touqan

Input processing output

 Introduction INPUT: Representation of mathematical model INPUT: Representation of earthquake loadings PROCESSING: Representation of mass and stiffness

properties: analogical models

PROCESSING: Representation of mass and stiffness

properties: anatomical models

OUTPUT: Models comparisons

OUTPUT: Conclusions
Further usage of concept

Reminder

Introduction
Fundamental lesson learned from earthquakes:

Necessity of correct matching between mathematical model and reality (input)

Necessity of correct matching between earthquake loadings and method of analysis (processing)

Representation of Mathematical Model

-Soil theory is based on assumption of rigid structures built on flexible foundations.
-Structural theory is based on assumption of flexible structures built on rigid foundations.

Representation of Earthquake loadings:

Methods of analysis: 1. Time history: true dynamic analysis, all necessary

modes of soil-structure model

2. Response spectrum: one point dynamic analysis,

all necessary modes of soil-structure model

3. Equivalent lateral load: static analysis, one mode

of structure model

Representation of Earthquake loadings: Equivalent lateral load

V Mamax
basic assumptions of equivalent lateral load

General assumptions: uniform distribution of mass and stiffness. Special assumptions: models used based on level of technology

a one-story flat plate reinforced concrete building subjected to earthquake loading in the x-direction..

 ASCE/SEI 2010

T 0.0466hn0.9 0.13sec

Representation of mass and stiffness properties: analogical models

the relative displacement output u* of a 1D model subjected

to an earthquake

* max

M K

M, K and are mass, stiffness and acceleration response spectrum (dynamic magnification factor) respectively

Representation of mass and stiffness properties: analogical models

For simplicity assume 1D model composed of two springs in series. The combined stiffness K

K soil K str K str K K soil K str 1 K str / K soil

If Ksoil is much larger than Kstr then the combined stiffness K is equal to Kstr and separation between soil and structure is justified

Representation of mass and stiffness properties: analogical models:

Substructuring concept: static reduction

Representation of mass and stiffness properties: analogical models

Substructuring concept: static reduction

Representation of mass and stiffness properties: analogical models

Substructuring concept: dynamic reduction

Representation of mass and stiffness properties: anatomical models

Models comparisons

Conclusions
-Neglecting soil structure interaction is reasonable if assumptions prevails like: - light structures in relatively stiff soil such as low rise buildings, structural assumptions prevails. - simple rigid retaining walls: foundation assumptions prevails.
-

-The effect of soil structure interaction becomes important for heavy structures resting on relatively soft soils for example towers in a wadi (like wadi altufah)

Further usage of concept

Models comparisons

Conclusions for further usage

1. Best structural shape to resist lateral loadings (wind,

earthquake, ) is the pyramid shape. Such shape provides largest stiffness and smallest mass 2. Worst structural shape to resist lateral loadings is the inverted pyramid shape. Such shape provides largest mass and smallest stiffness /20) ) By the same philosophy, weakness in the soil increases mass and decreases stiffness, thus structure becomes vulnerable to earthquake loads. )109)

 Reminder
//

(1927)26

Thank you for listening

Question
What is your opinion of a structure with

basement wall on one side as a usual practice in Palestine?