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Saving energy?
Sayid has decided to save energy by staying in bed all day. How much of his energy do you think this will save?
Surprisingly, the answer is only about 30%. The other 70% keeps his body temperature at 37 C, and the solutions around his cells at just the right concentration.
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What is homeostasis?
The body uses so much energy, even during sleep, because it must maintain a constant internal environment. This process of keeping things the same is called homeostasis. A series of automatic control systems ensures that the body maintains a constant temperature, and steady levels of water, ions and blood sugar. Homeostasis allows the bodys cells to work at their optimum.
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Keeping comfortable
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On a warm day, skin temperature may be just 1 C lower than the core body temperature, but on a very cold day it could be up to 9 C lower.
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vasodilation
removing extra clothing.
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These receptors detect changes in the temperature of blood flowing through those areas. The thermoregulatory centre in the brain is called the hypothalamus. If body temperature deviates from 37 C, the hypothalamus and skin receptors send out electrical signals that trigger actions or behaviours that increase or decrease heat loss.
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Whats in skin?
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Why do we shiver?
When core body temperature drops, muscles begin to twitch. This rapid and contraction and relaxation of the muscles is called shivering. Shivering generates heat, which raises body temperature. Goose bumps involuntarily appear when a person becomes cold. Goosebumps are caused by the tiny muscles at the base of body hairs pulling the hairs erect. The upright hairs trap an insulating layer of air, which helps reduce heat loss.
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Vasodilation allows a larger volume of blood to flow near the skin surface, transferring heat to the environment. This cools the body down.
Additional cooling occurs with the production of sweat from sweat glands. As the sweat evaporates it transfers heat away from the body.
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Responding to change
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Water molecules and ions constantly move in and out of cells, and are essential for all life processes.
Dehydration (loss of too much water from the body) damages cells. How is water gained and lost? Water is produced by the body during respiration, and absorbed from food and drink. Water is lost from the body in exhaled air, sweat, urine and faeces.
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pancreas
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Glossary (1/3) ADH The hormone released from the pituitary gland that
acts on kidneys and blood vessels to maintain the bodys water balance.
dehydration The loss of too much water from the body. homeostasis The constant regulation of the body's
internal environment.
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pancreas The organ that secretes the hormone insulin. thermoregulation The homeostatic control of the
bodys temperature.
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Anagrams
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Multiple-choice quiz
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