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Sampling Methods
SRS (simple random sample) Systematic Convenience Judgment Quota Snowball Stratified Sampling
Advantages
Provides greater precision than a SRS (simple random sample) of the same size Often requires a smaller sample, which saves money Can guard against an "unrepresentative" sample Focuses on important subpopulations but ignores irrelevant ones
Disadvantages
Can be difficult to select relevant stratification variables Often requires more administrative work than an SRS Not useful when there are no homogeneous subgroups Can be expensive
Proportionate Stratification
Proportionate Stratum
nh = ( Nh / N ) * n nh = is the sample size for stratum h. Nh = is the population size of stratum h. N = the total population size n = the total sample size
Disproportionate Stratification
The sampling fraction may vary from one stratum to the next.
If variances differ across strata, disproportionate stratification can provide better precision than proportionate stratification, when sample points are correctly allocated to strata. The researcher can maximize precision for a single important survey measure. Gains in precision may not accrue to other survey measures.
Disproportionate Stratum
nh = n * ( Nh * Sh ) / [ ( Ni * Si ) ] nh = sample size for stratum h. n = total sample size Nh = population size of stratum h. Sh = Standard deviation of stratum h
Example
Stratum Mean Score Standard Deviation
Boys Girls
70 80
10.27 6.66
The state administers a reading test to a sample of 36 third graders. The school system has 20,000 third graders 10,000 boys and 10,000 girls.
Proportionate Stratum
nh = ( Nh / N ) * n 18 boys = (10,000/20,000) *36 18 girls = (10,000/20,000) *36
Disproportionate Stratum
Stratum Mean Score Standard Deviation
Boys Girls
70 80
10.27 6.66
nh = n * ( Nh * Sh ) / [ ( Ni * Si ) ] 21.83 boys = 36 * ( 10,000 * 10.27 ) / [ ( 10,000 * 10.27 ) + ( 10,000 * 6.67 ) ] 14 girls = (36 22 boys)
Conclusion