MULTI-TOUCH SURFACE

Jackson Bong Sarahandi Api Abdullah

DEFINITION
functionality allowing a touch screen, trackpad, etc., to register multiple points of contact made on the surface simultaneously. Commanding a computer, smartphone or tablet via a touch screen or touchpad by using more than one finger. A multitouch display is sensitive to gestures, which are predefined motions that perform an action such as rotating an object.

ADVANTAGES OF MULTITOUCH SURFACE

The ability to adapt multi-touch systems to almost any imaginable problem that it should solve Screen content can be modified to the developers needs Touch screens are very flexible user interface system Enables extremely intuitive applications

ADVANTAGES OF MULTITOUCH SURFACE

The use of simultaneously handled input devices
Users can employ both hands or also different devices in combination with their hands at the same time Make significant improvements regarding the time a task takes to be completed Simple, intuitive systems

ADVANTAGES OF MULTITOUCH SURFACE

Extract a lot of information out of a single means of input Finger touches can be varied in pressure sensitivity and angle (on several axes) Hands can be used to express a variety of gestures by tilting, flicking, and catching or forming any conceivable kind of sign

ADVANTAGES OF MULTITOUCH SURFACE

Creation of reasonable collaborative touch systems Several users can interact with the screen as well as with each other simultaneously.

DISADVANTAGES
Complicate the occlusion problem Several fingers, hands or devices are clouding even more parts of the touch screen than on single-touch devices Fat finger problem

DISADVANTAGE
Mostly rely on touch screens rather than touch tablets without display Need to be able to look at the surface and get discernible display in-formation Restricts simple touch screens from being a beneficial device for visually impaired users. Touch screens exposed to sunlight can have visibility heavily affected

DISADVANTAGE
Some actions (scribbling notes or making finer drawings) cannot be reasonably performed with fingers and on small screens Require appropriate input tools (stylus) additionally to the usual hand and finger recognition

DISADVANTAGE
The multi-touch system will only ever be a virtual representation of the original situation Make significant difference in the handling of the interface E.g. rapidly handle a virtual keyboard in contrast to the real thing

LEARNING THEORIES THAT APPLICABLE

SENSORY STIMULATION THEORY

Traditional sensory stimulation theory has as its basic premise that effective learning occurs when the senses are stimulated (Laird, 1985) By stimulating the senses, especially the visual sense, learning can be enhanced. if multi-senses are stimulated, greater learning takes place

COGNITIVE-GESTALT APPROACHES
The emphasis here is on the importance of experience, meaning, problem-solving and the development of insights (Burns 1995, p.112). concept that individuals have different needs and concerns at different times, and that they have subjective interpretations in different contexts.

FACILITATION THEORY (THE HUMANIST APPROACH)

Learner are encouraged to take responsibility for their own learning, provide much of the input for the learning which occurs through their insights and experiences, are encouraged to consider that the most valuable evaluation is self-evaluation and that learning needs to focus on factors that contribute to solving significant problems or achieving significant results.

EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
Kolb proposed a four-stage learning process with a model that is often referred to in describing experiential learning (McGill & Beaty 1995)

DIFFERENCES IN LEARNING STYLES

Honey and Mumford (1986 cited in McGill & Beaty 1995 p.177) building on Kolb's work, identified four learning styles:
Activist (enjoys the experience itself), Reflector (spends a great deal of time and effort reflecting) Theorist (good at making connections and abstracting ideas from experience) Pragmatist (enjoys the planning stage)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8.

Brooks, J 1995 Training and Development Competence: a practical guide Kogan Page, London. Burns, R. 1995 The adult learner at work Business and Professional Publishing, Sydney. Burns, S. 1995 'Rapid changes require enhancement of adult learning' HRMonthly June, pp 16-17. Knowles, M.S. 1978 The Adult Learner: a Neglected Species 2nd edition, Houston: Gulf Publishing Company, Book Division. Knowles, M.S. 1990 The Adult Learner: a Neglected Species 4th edition, Houston: Gulf Publishing Company, Book Division Laird, D. 1985 Approaches to training and development Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass. McGill, I & Beaty, L 1995 Action Learning, second edition: a guide for professional, management and educational development Kogan Page, London. Pogson, P. & Tennant, M. 1995 'Understanding Adults' in Foley, G. ed. Understanding adult education and training, St Leonards, Allen & Unwin, pp.20-30.

REFERENCES

REFERENCES
Lindemann, P. (2010). A Short Report on Multi-Touch User Interfaces.Department of Media Informatics.