Chapter 2.

Human Digestive System

Digestive system

mouth

salivary glands

oesophagus liver stomach gall bladder

pancreas duodenum
large intestine anus small intestine

rectum

Chapter 2.3

Human Digestive System

Physical Digestion Stage

Mouth

Digestion start here Teeth chewed and breakdown the food into small pieces Salivary amylase changes starch into maltose (complex sugar) salivary amylase starch maltose

Chapter 2.3

Human Digestive System

Chemical Digestion Stage

Salivary gland

The salivary gland secretes saliva that is alkaline and contains salivary amylase enzymes

Chapter 2.3

Human Digestive System

Oesophagus

Food passes through the oesophagus into the stomach by peristalsis No digestion takes place in the oesophagus

Chapter 2.3

Human Digestive System

Stomach

Food is mixed with gastric juice Gastric juices contain hydrochloric acid enzymes protease

Hydrochloric acid helps to kills bacteria provide an acidic medium for enzymes to take action neutralize and stop the action of salivary amylase enzymes Proteases break down protein into polypeptides or peptones Polypeptides @ peptones

protease

Chapter 2.3

Human Digestive System

Duodenum

The first part of the small intestine Receives pancreatic juice and bile Pancreatic amylase changes starch into maltose Pancreatic protease changes peptones into amino acid peptones pancreatic amylase starch pancreatic protease amino acids maltose

Pancreatic lipase changes fat into fatty acid and glycerol

fat

pancreatic lipase
fatty acid + glycerol

The bile breaks down fats into small droplets for enzymic action

Chapter 2.3

Human Digestive System

Liver

Produces bile and stored in the gall bladder before it is flows into the duodenum through the bile duct Bile helps to prepared an alkaline medium for enzymic action

Chapter 2.3

Human Digestive System

Pancreas

Produces pancreatic juice that contains three types of enzymes pancreatic amylase protease lipase

Chapter 2.3

Human Digestive System

Small intestine

The small intestine produces enzymes which changes maltose into glucose
Digestion is completed in here The nutrients is absorbed through the thin walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

Chapter 2.3

Human Digestive System

Large intestine

Water is reabsorbed here Undigested and unabsorbed food goes to rectum

10

Chapter 2.3

Human Digestive System

Rectum

Undigested and unabsorbed food forms a semi solid waste called faeces Temporarily stored the faeces

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Chapter 2.3

Human Digestive System

Anus

Excreted the faeces out of the body

12

Q.R. 2.3

Quick Refresh

Digestion is the process of breaking down complex food into simple diffusible molecules that can be absorbed by the body Enzymes are proteins which speed up the process of digestion Alimentary canal is the path of the food passes through the digestive system. It start from mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and ends at the anus Process of peristalsis is the movement of food by the muscular walls that contract and expand alternately along the alimentary canal As a result of digestion Class of food
Carbohydrate
Protein Fat

Final product
Glucose
Amino acid Fatty and glycerol 13