Rounding Round to the nearest whole number 1 2 1.4 1.4 is clearly closer to 1 than 2 so it rounds to 1 1.

1.4 Round to the nearest whole number 1

1.5

Summary to round to the place "alue re#uired loo$ to the number to the ri ht% 4 or less & the number stays the same (round down! 5 or more & the number increases by 1 (round up! DO NOT CHANGE THE PLACE VALUE

Technically 1.5 is in the 2 middle, but we always round up 0.5 to the next whole number in this case 2 (Inte er!

Rounding 'xamples% (52)*.4

+oo$ to the ,i ure to the ri ht It is 4 or less so round down +oo$ to the ,i ure to the ri ht It is 4 or less so round down +oo$ to the ,i ure to the ri ht It is 5 or more so round up

Round to the nearest inte er Round to the nearest ten Round to the nearest hundred

(52)* (52)0 (5*00 (5000 -0000

to the ,i ure to the ri ht Round to the nearest thousand+oo$ It is 4 or less so round down

Round to the nearest ten thousand

+oo$ to the ,i ure to the ri ht It is 5 or more so round up

Rounding This also wor$s ,or decimals .e,inition% -.4 10.*( /.4(2 'xamples% )./ ( 2 / +oo$ to the ,i ure to the ri ht It is 5 or more so round up +oo$ to the ,i ure to the ri ht It is 4 or less so round down +oo$ to the ,i ure to the ri ht It is 5 or more so round up

This number is said to ha"e one decimal place (1 d.p.! This number is said to ha"e two decimal places (2 d.p.! This number is said to ha"e three decimal places (* d.p.!

etc.

Round to 1 decimal place Round to 2 d.p. Round to * d.p.

).) )./( )./(*

Rounding 0arder 'xample (.)) Round to 1 d.p. It is easier to see this on a number line The ,irst decimal (.)) place is tenths so i, we loo$ in increments o, one tenth (./ (.) -.0 -.1 (.)) is now clearly closer to -.0 than (.) so we ha"e to round up to -.0

1ow answer these% Round these measurements to 1 decimal place (that is, to the nearest millimetre). 18.7 cm a) 18.67 cm b) 8.38 cm 8. cm c) 68.23 cm !8." cm d) 0.678 cm #.7 cm e) 0.4545 cm #.$ cm 6 Round these masses to 3 decimal places (that is, to the nearest gram). a) 1.7683 g 1.7!8 %g b) 48.2467 g 8." 7 %g c) 8.!247 g 8.&"$ %g d) 0.052!05 g #.#$' %g #.### %g e) 0.0003567! g

Rounding

Rounding Roundin to the most si ni,icant ,i ure 45(2 2hich is the ,i ure that describes the number the best3 The thousand column has the most si ni,icant ,i ure

I, I wanted to describe this number usin only one non 4ero ,i ure (1.s.,.! it would be 5000 The hundred is the second most si ni,icant ,i ure I, I wanted to describe this number usin two non 4ero ,i ures (2 s.,.! it would be 4(00 (round up because the ,i ure next to it is a (! 'xample /(24 write this number to% 1 s.,. )000 * s.,. /(20

2 s.,. 4 s.,.

/(00 /(24

Rounding 1ow answer these% 1. Round these num"ers to one signi#icant #igure. a) 326 b) 58! c) 3245 '### '## !## Round these num"ers to t$o signi#icant #igures. d) !!!! e) !0!! f) !!50 1#### 1#### &1## 2. Round these num"ers to one signi#icant #igure. a) 4.826 b) 0.4826 c) 0.04826 d) #.$ 0.004826 $ #.#$ #.##$ Round these num"ers to t$o signi#icant #igures. e) 0.0004826 f) 0.00004826 #.### 8 #.#### 8

E()ima)ing I, I went to the shop and wanted 5 litres o, mil$ and I saw the price at 50.)( I would thin$ that I would need about 55 2hy3 I ha"e rounded 50.)( to 1 s.,. 51 and multiplied it by 5 to 55 'stimatin can be done simply by roundin to the nearest si ni,icant ,i ure% 'xamples Round each number to 1 s.,. ).5/ x 2.-* 10 x * 'stimated answer *0 6ctual answer 2(.15*4 7alculate the 1umerator ,irst (2.* x -/.4 Round each number to 1 s.,. 124 'stimated answer 400 4/00 120 6ctual answer *).*/)(0 x /0 120

E()ima)ing 1ow try these

8 * $ + 1' 8

#." x ! + 1."

" +
81## 881

8$# +8 8"8#

&# x ! + $ # + 17## #.' #.'

"# x ,8- . + 8#

8" # +! # 8&! #.' or &!#

' + '"#

U//0r 1 Lo20r 3ound( 2hat could be the hi hest this number could be i, it has already been rounded to the nearest 103 /0 )0 -4 would be rounded down to -0 but -5 would be rounded up to /0 There,ore the hi hest the number could be be,ore roundin is -4 2hat could be the lowest this number could be i, it has already been rounded to the nearest 103 (0 -0 /0 )0 (5 would be rounded up to -0 but (4 would be rounded down to (0 There,ore the lowest the number could be be,ore roundin is (5 (0 -0

1ow try these 1. %ach o# these &uantities is rounded to the nearest $hole num"er o# units. 'rite do$n the minimum and ma(imum possi"le si)e o# each &uantit*. . cm ""$. m "!. g a) 26 g "$.$ g b) 4 cm '.$ cm c) 225 m "" .$ m 1". g d) 13 litres 1".$ g ''. %g e) 33 g'".$ %g 4" &.$# f) +24! 4" 8. &

U//0r 1 Lo20r 3ound(

3. , pac et $eighs 2 g, correct to the nearest 100 g. ".# & %g 5. .heis $eight o# a to##ee is 5 g correct to the nearest 'hat the ma(imum possi"le $eighthal# gram. .7$ g 'hat is the minimum possi"le $eight o# one to##ee-