Mining Job Efficiency

Equipment Management Training

Section

LOADING

Hauling Cycle Elements

Haul Load Dump

Return

+ Exchange

Visual Inspection - Loading Zone

Floor Is Smooth Water Removal Is Adequate Debris Is Cleared Away Trucks Dont Drive Over Rocks Trucks Leave Under Full, Continuous Acceleration

Loading Zone

Trucks Return Without Making Tight, High-speed Turns

Floor Condition

Load Area Floor Condition

Load
Entry Into the Loading Area Waiting Time
Truck Bunching Do we have too many trucks? Are we timing the spacing between the trucks (follow my leader)

Truck Exchange and Truck Position

Get Truck Into the Right Position Shortest Time Least manoeuvre Loader Spots

Exit From the Loading Area

Cycle Time - Loading Tool

Dig Swing / Manoeuvre Dump Return / Manoeuvre

" F i l l F a c t o r "
T h e % o f r a t e d c a p a c i t y t h a t t h e l o a d e d b u c k e t i s h o l d i n g .

Find Information in Performance Handbook

Swing
Max 90 Degrees

Minimize the Swing Time

Swing Right to Left
Operator Has Visibility of truck

Load
Fill the Body Properly Load Needs to Be Full Do Not Hit Dumper Body

HOW TO LOAD

3
2 1

Return
Same as Swing Minimize Swing Angle Minimize manoeuvre time

Exchange Time
Full Truck Leaves Load Area Empty Truck Manoeuvres into Position

Excavator can
Some Clean Up Spot Truck

Good First Bucket Fill

First Pass Must Be a Full Pass!

Truck Capacity = 4 Passes 1 Load 1 Load 1 Load 1 Load = 4 Cycles Truck Capacity = 4 Passes 1/2 Load 1 Load 1 Load 1 Load Load = 5 Cycles

Exchange

Allow loaded machine to exit Allow empty machine to get into position in least time

Effects of Payload

Too little payload

Lost productivity

Too much payload

Exceed the safe operating weight of the machine
Brakes Steering

Reduce hauling speeds Impact component durability

ME Job Set-up

ME Job Set-up

Over The Rail Loading Trucks on Bottom Level Bench Height Equals Stick Length Minimum Swing Set-up Provides Ample Dig and Reach Alternate Loading Positions

ME Set-up (Drive By)

Thru The Gate Loading Trucks on Bottom Level Modified Drive-by Method Best Where Trucks Limited

90 Degree Swing

ME Set-up (Both over the Rail & Thru Gate)

Wide Cut in easy Dig Bench Height Equals Stick Length Minimum Swing Offers Less Shovel Moves Alternate Loading Positions

FULL REACH

FULL REACH

ME Set-up (Box Cut , Same Level)

Thru the Gate Loading

Trucks & ME at Same Level

Single or Double Loading Minimum Dig Depth

60 Degree Swing

ME Set-up (Box Cut Same Level)

Thru The Gate Loading

Trucks & ME at Same Level

Drive-by Method Best Where Truck Limited Maximum Dig Depth 90 Degree Swing

Not a recommended practice

Section

HAULING

Hauling
Haul Road Geometry Should Allow Smooth and Cost-efficient Operation of a Haul Truck Fleet at Designed Operating Speed and Target Payload The Road Construction Quality Should be Maintained Throughout Normal Expected Mining Conditions

What Can Slow Us Down on Haul Roads

Uneven Haul Road
Bumps / Dips

Rolling Resistance Passing Machines Corners Grades

Haul Road Width - Allow Passing

One Way - 3 Truck Widths (use largest truck) Two Way Straights - 3.5 Truck Widths Two Way Corners 3.5 to 4 Truck Widths GIVE LOADED TRUCKS PRIORITY

One-way (Straights/corners) Two-way (In Straights) Two-way (In Corners)

Corners
Most People Slow Down for Corners Design Corners and Crests That Permit Sufficient Visibility at Normal Travel Speeds Avoid Corners on Crests Avoid Curves at Bottom of Downgrade Intersections (Loaded Has Priority) Super-elevation

10

Grade
Maintain Smooth Grade Maintain Consistent Percentage

Correct

Incorrect

Uneven Grade
A Hit ramp slows down - down shifts B Grade decreases speeds up - up shifts C Grade increases slows down - down shifts D Grade increases slows down - down shifts E Grade decreases speeds up - up shifts F Grade Increases slows down - downshifts

E F

B A C

Visual Inspection - Main Haul Road

Road Is Free of Puddles, Potholes, Ruts, Gullies Passing Room Is Adequate

Corner Radius Allows Safe Operation at High Speed

Spillage Is Removed Quickly No Rubber Deposits on Tight, Rocky Turns High Braking Forces Not Necessary on Corners Expected Road Speeds Are Achieved

Visual Inspection - Dumping Zone

Floor Is Smooth Trucks Enter at High Speed, Parallel to Edge Trucks Brake in Straight Line, Then Turn and Stop to Reverse to Dump

Safety Berms Are Regulation Height

Is Dump Stable Enough to Dump Over Safely or Should You Dump Short and Push off?

Remember.
The Haul Road..

Finishes Here

Starts Here

Haul Road Maintenance

A Haul Road Requires Maintenance, Similar to the Equipment Operating on It

Like the Machines, Haul Road Maintenance Schedule Should Exist at Every Mine Site

Remember. The Haul Road Starts at the Face and Ends at the Dump

Water Management
Water Is the Enemy of Roads. Thus Roads Should NEVER Be Flat Unless It NEVER Rains on Your Site!

The Slope Needed to Carry Water off the Road Can Be Obtained From Either Crowning or Crossfall
A Crown Is the Centre of the Road Being Higher Than the Sides A Constant Crossfall Is Keeping One Side or the Road Higher Than the Centre

Drainage

Any Haul Road Design Is Only As Good As Its Drainage Compared to a Sealed Road:
Drainage is important as material on site typically not great Since there is no seal, traffic & water can damage road quickly

The Keys to Maintaining a Haul Road in Best Condition Are:

Quickly shedding water through crown or crossfall Quickly draining water from the side of the road by use of drains Intercepting water before it reaches the road

Drainage
The Simplest Way to Reduce Water Damage to a Haul Road Elevate the Haul Road Above the Lay of the Land

Drain

Edge Berm
Road

Haul Road Maintenance

When Major Repairs Are Required to a Section of Road, the Following Steps Need to Be Carried Out
Ripping of gravel surface (1st layer) Re-shaping of road to original design Compaction and watering of surface

Haul Road Economics

Good Haul Road Planning and Maintenance Provide Substantial Benefits
Safer mine pit environment Increased tyre life More uptime Increased operator efficiency Lower repair costs

Improved Production/Lower Costs

Haul Road Maintenance Grading Is the Key Element to Haul Road Maintenance
It facilitates bringing material in from the sides or cutting down high sections and filling the low spots with surplus loose material Maintenance grading should not penetrate past the first layer of a haul road