Republic of India

General overview of Indian economy:

- The seventh-largest country by area - The second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people

- The most populous democracy in the world

The Indian economy is the world's tenth-largest by nominal GDP and thirdlargest by purchasing power parity(PPP). Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the fastest-growing major economies; it is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, inadequate public healthcare,terrorism. Capital: New Delhi

Largest city: Mumbai

Official languages: Hindi, English Currency: Indian rupee 1.00 USD = 61.85 INR

India has one of the largest, most highly diversified economies in the world, but, because of its enormous population, it isin terms of income and gross national product (GNP) per capitaone of the poorest countries on Earth. Gross National Product (GNP): 88981.17 INR Billion (approx. 1449.76 Billion USD) GDP (PPP): 2013 estimate -Total: $4.962 trillion -Per capita: $3,991 GDP - COMPOSITION, BY SECTOR OF ORIGIN(%): agriculture: 17.4% industry: 17.6% services: 65% (2012 est.) Human development Index: 0.554 (Medium Human development category) GDP growth rate: 3.986% (2012-2013)

Since independence, India's balance of payments on its current account has been negative. Since economic liberalisation in the 1990s, precipitated by a balance of payment crisis, India's exports rose consistently, covering 80.3% of its imports in 200203, up from 66.2% in 199091. India's growing oil import bill is seen as the main driver behind the large current account deficit.

POL= petroleum, oil and lubricants

Balance of trade:
India recorded a trade deficit of 10140.30 USD Million in December of 2013. Balance of Trade in India reached an all time high of 258.90 USD Million in March of 1977 and a record low of -20210.90 USD Million in October of 2012. India had been recording sustained trade deficits due to low exports base and high imports of coal and oil for its energy needs.

Inflation
The inflation rate in India was recorded at 6.16 percent in December of 2013. Inflation Rate in India averaged 7.71 Percent from 1969 until 2013, reaching an all time high of 34.68 Percent in September of 1974 and a record low of -11.31 Percent in May of 1976.
In India, the wholesale price index (WPI) is the main measure of inflation. The WPI measures the price of a representative basket of wholesale goods. In India, wholesale price index is divided into three groups: Primary Articles (20.1 percent of total weight), Fuel and Power (14.9 percent) and Manufactured Products (65 percent). Inflation in India generally occurs as a consequence of global traded commodities and the several efforts made by The Reserve Bank of India to weaken rupee against dollar.

Unemployment:
Unemploymet:

3.8% (2011)

Labor force by occupation: -agriculture: 51.1%, -industry: 22.4%, -services: 26.6% (2012 est.) Average gross salary: 1410 $ (yearly) Agricultural and allied sectors accounted for about 51% of the total workforce in 200910. While agriculture has faced stagnation in growth, services have seen a steady growth. Of the total workforce, 7% is in the organised sector, two-thirds of which are in the public sector. Unemployment is higher in urban areas and among women.

Women in India are mainly employed in agriculture and caring for livestock with only about 20% of the employed women engaging in activities outside agriculture. When employed, women earn substantially less than men, only about 66% of the male incomes in agriculture and 57% of the male incomes outside agriculture

Child labour in India is a complex problem that is basically rooted in poverty, coupled with a failure of governmental policy, which has focused on subsidising higher rather than elementary education, as a result benefiting the privileged rather than the poorer sections of society. The Indian government is implementing the world's largest child labour elimination program, with primary education targeted for ~250 million. Numerous non-governmental and voluntary organisations are also involved.

Industry
Industry accounts for 26% of GDP and employs 22% of the total workforce. India is 11th in the world in terms of nominal factory output.The Indian industrial sector underwent significant changes as a result of the economic liberalisation in India economic reforms of 1991, which removed import restrictions, brought in foreign competition, led to the privatisation of certain public sector industries, liberalised the FDI regime, improved infrastructure and led to an expansion in the production of fast moving consumer goods.

Textile Industry
Textile manufacturing is the 2nd largest source of employment after agriculture and accounts for 20% of manufacturing output, providing employment to over 20 million people. During the period from 2004 to 2008, total investment amounted to 27 billion dollars. By 2012, this figure was predicted to reach 38 billion and was expected to create an additional 17 million jobs. However, demand for Indian textiles in world markets continues to fall. Ludhiana (city) produces 90% of woollens in India and is known as the Manchester of India.

Services
The services sector provides employment to 27% of the work force and is growing quickly. Information technology and business process outsourcing are among the fastest growing sectors. The growth in the IT sector is attributed to increased specialisation, and an availability of a large pool of low cost, highly skilled, educated and fluent English-speaking workers, on the supply side, matched on the demand side by increased demand from foreign consumers interested in India's service exports, or those looking to outsource their operations.

Retail
Retail industry is one of the pillars of Indian economy and accounts for 1415% of its GDP. The Indian retail market is estimated to be US$ 450 billion and one of the top five retail markets in the world by economic value. India's retailing industry essentially consists of the local mom and pop store, owner manned general stores, convenience stores, hand cart and pavement vendors, etc.

Agriculture
India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry, logging and fishing accounted for 17% of the GDP in 2012, employed 51% of the total workforce and itis still the largest economic sector and a significant piece of the overall socio-economic development of India. India is the largest producer in the world of milk, jute and pulses, and also has the world's second largest cattle population with 175 million animals in 2008. It is the second largest producer of rice, wheat, sugarcane, cotton and groundnuts, as well as the second largest fruit and vegetable producer, accounting for 10.9% and 8.6% of the world fruit and vegetable production respectively. India is also the second largest producer and the largest consumer of silk in the world, producing 77,000 million tons in 2005.

Energy and Power

As of 2009, India is the fourth largest producer of electricity and oil products and the fourth largest importer of coal and crude-oil in the world. Coal and oil together account for 66% of the energy consumption of India

As of 2010, India imported about 70% of its crude oil requirements. Shown here is an platform at Mumbai High in the Arabian Sea, one of the few sites of domestic production.

TOP 3 export partners: 1. USA 2. UAE 3. Singapore INDIAs Top export items: 1. Petroleum Products 2. Gems & Jewellery 3. Pharmaceutical products 4. Transport equipment 5. Machinery and instruments 6. Readymade garments

TOP 3 Import countries: 1. China 2. UAE 3. Saudi Arabia INDIAs Top import items: 1. Petroleum crude 2. Gold&Silver 3. Electronic goods 4. Pearls & precious stones 5. Non-electrical machinery 6. Organic and inorganic chemicals

International and regional cooperation:

India is considered one of the leaders of the developing world along with China, Brazil, Russia and South Africa. India was one of the founding members of several international organisations, most notably the United Nations, the Asian Development Bank, G20 industrial nations and the founder of the Non-aligned movement. India has also played an important and influential role in other international organisations like East Asia Summit, World Trade Organisation, International Monetary Fund (IMF), and IBSA Dialogue Forum. Regionally, India is a part of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ) and BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation).

Moldova's imports from India (th.USD)

40000.0 35000.0 30000.0 25000.0 20000.0 15000.0 10000.0 5000.0 5966.7 8044.3 12742.3 12876.2 19298.0 24662.7 25979.2 30449.3 37599.0

23151.4

0.0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Source: statistica.md

India is one of the main countries from which Moldova imports pharmaceutical products. Main imported products (2012):

-Chemical products
-Pharmaceutical products -Machinery and electrical equipment

-Textiles
-Mineral products -Foodstuff, beverages, alcohol vinegar, tobacco

-Plastics

RM exports to India (th.USD)

700.0 600.0 500.0 400.0 300.0

616.1

342.7 226.9 175.6 200.4

200.0
100.0 0.0

18.0
2003 2004

169.7
158.4
2005 2006 2007

84.8
2008 2009 2010 2011

19.8
2012

Source: statistica.md

Main exported products (2012):

-Machinery, electrical equipment and parts thereof, sound/image recorders

-Base metals and articles of base metal

-Optical, photographic, cinematographic, surgical instruments, clocks and watches;

-Textiles

Bilateral agreements of RM with India:

1. Declarate cu privire la principiile de baza i direciile de cooperare ntre Republica Moldova i Republica India. 2. Protocol de consultri ntre Ministerul Afacerilor Externe al Republicii Moldova i Ministerul Afacerilor Externe al Republicii India.

3. Acord ntre Guvernul Republicii Moldova i Guvernul Republicii India cu privire la comer i colaborarea economic.
Semnate:- la New-Delhi la 19.03.1993 4. Protocol cu privire la stabilirea relaiilor diplomatice ntre Republica Moldova i Republica India Semnat - la Moscova la 20.03.1992 n vigoare din 20.03.1992 5. Protocol cu privire la stabilirea relaiilor consulare ntre Republica Moldova i Republica India

Semnat - la Moscova la 20.03.1992

n vigoare din 20.03.1992

10 Interesting facts about India:

Fact 1: There is 17 major languages and 844 dialects spoken in Fact 6: India. India has the most number of mosques. It has 300,000 mosques which is much more than the Muslim world. Fact 2: India was one of the richest countries on earth until the Fact 7: British invasion in the early 17th century. India is one of the largest exporter of computer software products. Fact 3: India invented the number system and Aryabhatta was Fact 8: the scientist who invented the digit zero. Before 1986, India was the only place in the world where Diamonds could be found. Fact 4: Chess was invented in India. Fact 9: The biggest and the largest employer in the world is Fact 5: Indian railways employing over a million people. India is the 6th largest country in the world, the largest democracy and one of the oldest civilization. Fact 10: India has the most number of post offices in the world.

Thank you for attention