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ECE201 Lect-14
Introduction
Any Thevenin equivalent circuit is in turn equivalent to a current source in parallel with a resistor [source transformation]. A current source in parallel with a resistor is called a Norton equivalent circuit. Finding a Norton equivalent circuit requires essentially the same process as finding a Thevenin equivalent circuit.
ECE201 Lect-14 2
Independent Sources
Isc
RTh
No Independent Sources
RTh
ECE201 Lect-14
A Strain Gauge
Backing Foil
The strain gauges resistance varies as a function of the strain: DR = GF e R e is the strain, R is the nominal resistance, GF is the Gauge Factor
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Typical values
Measured strain values are typically fairly small-usually less than 10-3. GF is usually close to 2. Typical values for R are 120W, 350W, and 1000W. A typical change in resistance is DR = 210-3120W = 0.24W
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ECE201 Lect-14
R+DR
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Thevenin/Norton Analysis
1. Pick a good breaking point in the circuit (cannot split a dependent source and its control variable).
2. Thevenin: Compute the open circuit voltage, VOC. Norton: Compute the short circuit current, ISC. For case 3(b) both VOC=0 and ISC=0 [so skip step 2]
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Thevenin/Norton Analysis
3. Compute the Thevenin equivalent resistance, RTh (or impedance, ZTh). (a) If there are only independent sources, then short circuit all the voltage sources and open circuit the current sources (just like superposition). (b) If there are only dependent sources, then must use a test voltage or current source in order to calculate RTh (or ZTh) = VTest/Itest (c) If there are both independent and dependent sources, then compute RTh (or ZTh) from VOC/ISC.
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Thevenin/Norton Analysis
4. Thevenin: Replace circuit with VOC in series with RTh, ZTh. Norton: Replace circuit with ISC in parallel with RTh, ZTh. Note: for 3(b) the equivalent network is merely RTh (or ZTh), that is, no voltage (or current) source.
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Class Examples
Learning Extension E5.4 Learning Extension E8.15(c)
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