Chemical Safety

Joe Nail

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Introduction

What is a Chemical Hazard?

Answer: Any chemical that can cause illness, injury, or an emergency.

Chemical Hazards
Physical Health

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Chemical Hazards

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Chemical Hazards
Pyrophoric Flammable Chemicals Combustible Chemicals Oxidizers

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OHSAs Haz-Com Standard

OSHAs Hazard Communication Standard is designed to protect employees from hazardous chemicals used or stored in the work setting. Also referred to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the Hazard Communication Standard requires that information and training (i.e., hazcom training) be provided to any employees who have the potential of being exposed to a hazardous chemical under normal condition of use or in a foreseeable emergency. Such hazcom training requires the presence of hazardous chemicals be communicated to employees in a variety of ways, including:
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Purpose

The purpose of the standard is to make sure that the hazards of chemicals are evaluated

That information concerning their hazards is

communicated to
employers and employees

Who is covered
OSHAs

Hazard Communication (HazCom) standard applies to general industry, shipyard, marine terminals, longshoring, and construction employment and covers chemical manufacturers, importers, employers, and employees exposed to chemical hazards. Horizontal

HazCom Requirements
The hazardous chemical inventory Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) Labels, tags or signs The written Hazard Communication program

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Background

The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) is based on a simple concept--that employees have both a need and a right to know the hazards and identities of the chemicals they are exposed to when working

Background
They also need to know what protective measures are available to prevent adverse effects from occurring The HCS is designed to provide employees with the information they need
MSDS

Employers

Employers are required to provide information to their employees about the hazardous chemicals to which they are exposed using:
A hazard communication program labels and other forms of warnings material safety data sheets (MSDS) information and training

Warehouse and Retail Operations

In work operations where employees only handle chemicals in sealed containers, which are not opened under normal conditions Employers must only do the following:
Ensure labels on incoming chemicals are not defaced or removed
Maintain copies of any material safety data sheets that are received with incoming shipments Obtain MSDS a.s.a.p. for shipments received w/out MSDS

Warehouse and Retail Operations

Provide employees with information and training (no written program required) to the extent necessary to protect them in the event of a spill or leak of a hazardous chemical from a sealed container

Labeling Exemptions

Other federal agencies control the labeling requirements for the following substances:
Pesticides Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance Control Act Foods or food additives Distilled Spirits, tobacco Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics Hazardous wastes

Employer RequirementsWritten Program

Employers must develop a written program that covers at least:

Labels and other forms of warnings

Material Safety Data Sheets

Employee Information and Training

Employer RequirementsWritten Program

Employers must develop a written program that covers at least:

A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present at the facility along with MSDSs for each chemical The methods the employer will use to inform employees of the hazards non-routine tasks The hazards of chemicals in unlabeled pipes

Multi-Employer Workplaces

If employees of other employers could be exposed to hazardous chemicals the program must include:
Methods to provide contractor employees with onsite access to MSDS for each chemical those workers may be exposed to The methods used to inform other employers of any precautionary measures to be taken for normal and emergency situations The employers chemical labeling system

Consumer Products Exemption

Any consumer product as defined in the Consumer Product Safety Act where the employer can show that:
It is used in the workplace for the purpose intended

The use results in a duration and frequency of exposure which is not greater than the range of exposures that could reasonably be experienced by consumers when used for the purpose intended

Written Program Availability

The employer must make the written program available, upon request, to:
Employees and their designated representatives

Where work is carried out at more than one location, the program may be kept at the main location

Labels, Tags and Markings

The employer must ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged or marked with the following:
Identity of the hazardous chemical

Appropriate hazard warnings

This above labeling information is required of the manufacturer so the employer must ensure that the original labels from the manufacturer are on all containers and remain legible

Container Labeling Exemption for Portable Containers

The employer is not required to label portable containers into which hazardous chemicals are transferred from labeled containers, and which are intended only for the immediate use by the employee who performs the transfer

The employer need not affix new labels to comply with the standard if existing labels already covey the required information

New Hazard Information

Manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers who become newly aware of significant information regarding chemical hazards shall:
Revise the labels for the chemical within three months Revise the MSDS for the chemical within three months

MSDS kept in other forms

MSDS may be kept in any form including operating procedures It may be more appropriate to address the hazards of a process rather than individual hazardous chemicals

Employee Information and Training

Employers must provide employees information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area:
At the time of their initial assignment Whenever a new physical or health hazard the employees have not previously been trained about is introduced into their work area

Training may cover categories of hazards

Employee Information

Employers must inform employees:

Of the training requirements of this section (1910.1200 (h) Employee information and training.); Any operations in their work area where hazardous chemicals are present; The location and availability of the written hazard communication program

Employee Training

Employee training shall include at least:

The means to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the work area The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work area Measures employees can take to protect themselves Details of the employers specific program

Health Hazards
Category A-Biological Agents Category B-Physical Agents Category C-Chemical Agents

Chemical Agents-This Discussion

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Chemical Health Effects

Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact. Corrosives: Destroy skin tissue at point of contact. Sensitizers: Cause allergic reactions. Target-Organ Chemicals: Damage specific body organs and systems. Reproductive Hazards: Change genetic information in egg or sperm cells and/or damage fetus after conception. Carcinogens: Cause cancer.
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Health Hazards
Sensitizers Target-Organ Chemicals Reproductive Hazards Carcinogens

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Health Hazards
Irritants Corrosives

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Corrosive

Visible destruction, or irreversible damage to

body tissue

Acids

Caustics (or bases)

Acids

pH Scale
7

Caustics (or bases)

14

Hepatotoxins

Chemicals which produce liver damage Signs and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargement Chemicals: Carbon Tetrachloride, nitrosamines

Nephrotoxins

Chemicals which

produce kidney damage

Signs and Symptoms:

Edema

Chemicals: Halogenated

Hydrocarbons, uranium

Neurotoxins

Chemicals which produce their primary toxic effects on the nervous system

Signs and Symptoms: Narcosis, behavioral changes, decreased motor function

Chemicals: Mercury,

Agents which act on the blood

Decrease hemoglobin function, deprive the body tissues of oxygen

Signs and Symptoms: Cyanosis, loss of consciousness

Chemicals: Carbon
monoxide, cyanides

Agents which damage the lungs

Chemicals which

damage pulmonary
tissue

Signs and Symptoms:

Cough, tightness in the chest, loss of breath

Chemicals: Asbestos,

Reproductive toxins

Chemicals which damage reproductive capabilities Includes chromosomal damage (mutations) and

damage to fetuses
(teratogenesis)

Signs and Symptoms:

Birth defects, sterility

Chemicals: Lead

Cutaneous hazards

Chemicals which effect the dermal layer of the body

Signs and Symptoms:

Defatting of the skin,

rashes, irritation

Chemicals: Ketones,
chlorinated compounds

Eye hazards

Chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity Signs and symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal damage, blurred vision, burning or irritation Chemicals: Solvents, corrosives

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are one of the most important tools available to employers for providing information, and protection to workers from hazardous chemicals which are used in the workplace.

1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, required information

Identity of the chemical

Physical and chemical characteristics

Physical hazards

Chemical hazards
Primary routes of entry PELs or other exposure limits Control measures Emergency procedures

Whether the hazardous chemical is listed in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Annual Report on Carcinogens precautions for safe handling and use

Date of preparation
Name, address and telephone of the manufacturer

Material Safety Data Sheet

U.S. Department of Labor

May be used to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, (Non-Mandatory Form)

29 CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for specific requirements. Form Approved OMB No. 1218-0072 IDENTITY (As Used on Label and List) Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. If any item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked to indicate that.

Section I
Manufacturer's Name Emergency Telephone Number Telephone Number for

Address (Number, Street, City, State, and ZIP Code) Information Date Prepared Signature of Preparer (optional)

Section II - Hazard Ingredients/Identity Information

Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity; Common Name(s)) OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Other

Limits
Recommended%(optional)

Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H2O = 1)

Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Vapor Density (AIR = 1) (Butyl Acetate = 1)

Melting Point Evaporation Rate

Solubility in Water
Appearance and Odor

Section IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data

Flash Point (Method Used) UEL Extinguishing Media Special Fire Fighting Procedures Flammable Limits LEL

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards

Section V - Reactivity Data

Stability
Stable

Unstable

Conditions to Avoid

Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid) Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts Hazardous Polymerization

May Occur

Conditions to Avoid

Will Not Occur

Section VI - Health Hazard Data

Route(s) of Entry:

Inhalation?

Skin? Ingestion?

Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic) Carcinogenicity: Regulated? NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA

Signs and Symptoms of Exposure

Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure Emergency and First Aid Procedures

Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled

Waste Disposal Method

Precautions to Be taken in Handling and Storing Other Precautions

Section VIII - Control Measures Respiratory Protection (Specify Type) Ventilation Local Exhaust Special

Mechanical (General) Other

Protective Gloves

Eye Protection

Other Protective Clothing or Equipment Work/Hygienic Practices

Setting up a program

The HCS covers both:

Physical hazards (such as flammability), and
Health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage, and cancer)

Most chemicals used in the workplace have some hazard potential, and thus will be covered by the rule

Setting up a program

One difference between this rule and many others adopted by OSHA is that this one is performance-oriented That means that you have the flexibility to adapt the rule to the needs of your workplace, rather than having to follow specific, rigid requirements

Setting up a program
Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace that are potentially hazardous The best way to prepare a comprehensive list is to survey the workplace Identify chemicals in containers, including pipes Establish purchasing procedures so that MSDSs are being received before a material is used in the workplace

Identify hazardous chemicals in the workplace.

Compile a complete list of the potentially hazardous chemicals in the workplace Determine if you have received material safety data sheets for all of them If any are missing, contact your supplier and request one You should not allow employees to use any chemicals for which you have not received an MSDS

Preparing and implementing a hazard communication program

All workplaces where employees

are exposed to hazardous

chemicals must have a written

plan

The plan does not have to be

lengthy or complicated

Employee training

If there are only a few chemicals in the workplace, then you may want to discuss each one individually Where there are large numbers of chemicals, or the chemicals change frequently, you will probably want to train generally based on the hazard categories (e.g., flammable liquids, corrosive materials, carcinogens)

Documentation

The rule does not require employers to maintain records of employee training, but many employers choose to do so This may help you monitor your own program to ensure that all employees are appropriately trained

Hazard Communication

Recognizing Chemical Health Effects-What to Look for.

Symptoms appear while you are at work. Symptoms get worse during the work week but go away when you are off. Fellow employees have reported similar symptoms.

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Forms of Chemical Hazards

Solids, Liquids, Gases, Vapors, Mists, Dusts, and Fumes. Exposure Routes

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Control of Chemical Hazards and Exposures

Engineering and Mechanical Controls Personal Protective Equipment Administrative and Procedural Controls

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Chemical Spill Response

Requires Special Training

What can I do?

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Chemical Spill Response

CFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Response Standard (HAZWOPER)

Option #1-Evacuate employees and call in professional emergency response personnel. (EAP) 29 CFR1010.38(a)
Option #2-Respond internally. (EAP) 29 CFR 1010.120

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Emergency Action Plan (EAP)

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Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

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First Aid for Chemical Exposure

Ingestion Inhalation Skin Contact Eye Contact Burns

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Review

1. Give the names of the two chemical hazards. 2. What name is given to a chemical which will burst into flame when contacted by air? 3. What term is given to chemicals which can cause and /or support fire in other materials? 4. What is a health hazard? 5. Which kind of health hazard destroys skin on contact? 6. Chemicals that cause sterility, fetal death, and birth defects are called ____________. 7. What is a carcinogen? 8. Give the three states in which a chemical can exist. 9. Give the three ways employees can be exposed to health hazards. 10.What are the most common skin contact hazards? 11.What is an MSDS? 12.What kind of information is found on the MSDS?

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