Section 17.

Transmission of
electrical energy
• Advantage of transmission of
electrical energy with a.c.
source and transformer
• Power transmission system

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 1

17.4 Transmission of electrical energy (SB p. 170)

Transmission of electrical energy with

d.c. source
Expt. 17E
Transmission of
electrical energy

d.c.
power
supply

transmission line

A B

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 2

17.4 Transmission of electrical energy (SB p. 170)

Transmission of electrical energy with

d.c. source
great power loss in cables
Plost = I2R

I
d.c.
source 12 V
12 V

bulb
is dim
great power
loss in cable

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 3

17.4 Transmission of electrical energy (SB p. 171)

Transmission of electrical energy with

a.c. source and transformers

a.c.
source

A step-up step-down B
transformer transformer

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 4

17.4 Transmission of electrical energy (SB p. 171)

Transmission of electrical energy with

a.c. source and transformers

smaller current flowing in cables

Power loss in cables reduced

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 5
17.4 Transmission of electrical energy (SB p. 172)

Example 5:
The figure shows a transmission system. The total resistance
of the cables is 200 Ω and the transformer is assumed to be
ideal. Find
(a) the current flowing in the cable, and Solut
(b) the power loss in the cables. ion
(a) Current in primary coil (Ip) (b) By P = I2R
P
= =
5 000
= 25 A P = (0.25) 2
× 200
V 200
I Np = 12.5 W
By s =
I p Ns
I s 25
= 1
25 100
∴ I s = 0.25 A

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 6

17.4 Transmission of electrical energy (SB p. 173)

Class Practice 4:
A light bulb is connected to a 10 V a.c. power supply as
shown. The total resistance of the wires is 90 Ω . The
current drawn from the power supply is 0.1 A.

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 7

17.4 Transmission of electrical energy (SB p. 173)

Class Practice 4: (Cont)

(a) (i) What is the input power in the transmission system?
Ans
VI = 10 × 0.1 = 1 W
Input power = _________________________
wer

(ii)What is the power loss in the wires?

Ans
I 2
R = (0.1)2
× 90 = 0.9 W
Power loss = __________________________
wer

(iii)What is the efficiency of the power transmission?

Ans − Power loss
Input power
= 1 − 0.9 =wer
Output power = ________________________
0.1 W
Ans
0.1
Efficiency = ____________________________
×wer
100% = 10%
1
© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 8
17.4 Transmission of electrical energy (SB p. 173)

Class Practice 4: (Cont)

(b) The same light bulb is connected to the same a.c. power

supply through transformers. Assume the transformers

are ideal ones and the current drawn from the a.c.
remains 0.1 A as before. What is the efficiency of the
power transmission?

The current in the

transmission Ans
 1  wire
  × 0wer
.1 = 0.01 A
 10 
= ___________________________ Ans
× 90 = 0.009 W
I2R = (0.01)wer
2

Power loss in wires = __________________________

Ans
1 − 0.009
wer× 100% = 99.1%
© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd.
1
Efficiency = __________________________________
9
 17.4 Transmission of electrical energy (SB p. 174)

Power transmission system

transmission system in Hong Kong

400 kV or
275 kV
132 kV heavy light offices
industry industry homes and schools

33 kV 11 kV 380 V 220 V

step-up step-down
transformer transformer step-down transformers
at power at zone at local substations
station
substations
© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 10
17.4 Transmission of electrical energy (SB p. 175)

Useful Website

China Light & Power Company

(http://www.clpgroup.com
/clpgroup/CLPPower/FacServ)

The Hongkong Electric Co., Ltd.

(http://www.hec.com.hk/hec/hec/trans.htm)

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 11

17.4 Transmission of electrical energy (SB p. 175)

Mind Map
magnitude of induced voltage is governed by
Faraday’s law
17.1 Induced voltage
direction of induced current is governed by
and induced Lenz’s law
theory current magnetic field changes
occur either
Electromagnetic conductor cuts magnetic field lines
induction
function
generate electricity

17.2 Generator d.c. generator

2 types
a.c. generator
applications step-up voltage
function
transform voltage step-down voltage

Vp Np
17.3 Transformer voltage ratio / turns ratio =
Vs Ns

efficiency
17.4 Transmission of use a.c. rather than d.c.

electrical energy use high voltage rather than low

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 12
 The End

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 13