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By : Bramantyo D.M
WHAT IS HIV??
Human Immunodeficiency Virus A unique type of virus (a retrovirus)
Invades the helper T cells (CD4 cells) in the body of the host (defense mechanism of a person) Threatening a global epidemic.
Preventable, managable but not curable.
AIDS (definition)
Opportunistic infections and malignancies that rarely occur in the absence of severe immunodeficiency (eg, Pneumocystis pneumonia, central nervous system lymphoma). Persons with positive HIV serology who have ever had a CD4 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/mcL or a CD4 lymphocyte percentage below 14% are considered to have AIDS.
Outer envelope contains a lipid matrix within which specific viral glycoproteins are imbedded. These knob-like structures responsible for binding to target cell.
AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome adalah sekumpulan tanda atau gejala berat dan kompleks yang disebabkan oleh penurunan respon immunitas tubuh.
HIV tidak sama dengan AIDS
CD4
CD4
0 1 2 3 4 5 Bulan
Parasitic
Pneumocystis carinii
Fungal
Candida Cryptococcus
contracting HIV
Unsterilized blades
Through Sex
Unprotected Intercourse
Oral Anal
Mother-to-Baby
Stage 1 - Primary
Short, flu-like illness - occurs one to six weeks after infection Mild symptoms
Stage 2 - Asymptomatic
Lasts for an average of ten years
Stage 3 - Symptomatic
The immune system deteriorates Opportunistic infections and cancers start to appear.
The immune system weakens too much as CD4 cells decrease in number.
CD4 <50 Disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection Histoplasmosis CMV retinitis CNS lymphoma Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy HIV dementia
Best test for diagnosis of acute HIV infection Correlates with disease progression and response to HAART
Protease inhibitors
Norvir (Ritonavir)
Pemeriksaan penunjang
Hitung darah lengkap Hitung waktu pembekuan dan waktu perdarahan Biokimia tes termasuk glukosa, elektrolit, ginjal & fungsi hati untuk menyingkirkan kemungkinan kelainan metabolisme, seperti gangguan hati atau gangguan ginjal Viral load test dan hitung jumlah CD4+ Radiografi infeksi oportunistik dan TBC Elektrokardiografi dan ekokardiografi kardiomiopati