INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE

According to section 2 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, Industrial dispute means any dispute or difference between employers and employers or between employees and workmen or between workmen and workmen, which is connected with the employment or non-employment or the terms of employment or with the conditions of labour of any person. Industrial unrest may take either unorganized or organized form.
When it is unorganized, it is manifested in the form of low morale, low productivity, frustration etc. Organized forms of industrial unrest include strikes, demonstrations, gheraos, lock-outs, etc.

Weapons of Labour
Strike
Economic Strike General Strike Hunger Strike Sympathetic Strike Stay-in Strike Wild-cat Strike Slow Down Strike

Boycott Picketing Gherao

Weapons of Management
Employers Association Lock-out Termination of Service

Causes of Industrial Disputes

Economic Causes
Demand for increase in wages on account of increase in all-India Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers. Demand for higher gratuity and other retirement benefits. Demand for higher bonus. Demand for certain allowances such as house rent allowance, medical allowance, night shift allowance, conveyance allowance. Demand for paid holidays. Reduction of working hours. Better working conditions.

Political Causes Personnel Causes Indiscipline

Effects of Industrial Disputes

Disturbance of Industrial Peace Resistance to Change Frustration among Employees Intensification of Social Tension Adverse Effect on the Economy

PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Labour Welfare Officer Functions
Supervision of safety, health and welfare programs. Counseling of workers Advising management in formulating labour and welfare policies, apprenticeship training program, meeting statutory obligation of workers, developing fringe benefits, workers education and use of communication media. Establishing liaison with workers Establishing liaison with management Working with outside public securing proper enforcement of various acts by establishing contact with factory inspectors, medical officers and other inspectors.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Tripartite and Bipartite Bodies : Tripartite body such as Indian Labour Conference and standing labour committee. Objectives To promote uniformity in labour legislation. To lay down a procedure for settlement of conflict. To discuss all matters of all India importance. Function of ILC ( Indian Labour Conference) To advise the government of India on any matter referred by state and representatives of the organization of workers and management. SLC : To consider and examine such questions referred by central government. Bipartite such as work committee. In prevention of industrial dispute. Objectives To promote industrial goodwill To secure cooperation from employees and employers To ensure the cooperation of private concerns

PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Standing Orders Collective Bargaining Grievance Procedure Labour co-operation and profit sharing Joint consultation

SETTLEMENT OF CONFLICTS
Investigation Mediation Conciliation Voluntary Arbitration Compulsory Arbitration/Adjudication Labour court Industrial Tribunals National Tribunal