Ethernet Basics Master Class

Automation and Drives
Ethernet Basics
EK2002 Introduction
Reference model CSMA/CD Collision 10Mbit/s Ethernet Repeater
Bridge
100Mbit/s Ethernet Switch Router Gateway Gigabit Ethernet Industrial Ethernet
Ethernet Basics Ethernet <> Industrial Ethernet PROFINET

< The open standard for Realtime Industrial Ethernet >
Ruud Welschen
SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry

(C) Siemens AG, 1999-2003, Automation & Drives
Ethernet Basics History

EK2002 Introduction
First Drawing by Bob Metcalfe
Bridge
1980 Digital, Intel and XEROX (DIX) publish the specification of a network technology called Ethernet I IEEE 802.3 publishes the first standard that contains parts of the DIX procedure in 1982 1984: DIX passes Ethernet II, since Ethernet I and IEEE 802.3 were incompatible Todays components are based on IEEE 802.3 2 SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry
Ethernet Basics Ethernet in the ISO / OSI reference model

EK2002 Introduction
Reference model CSMA/CD Collision 10Mbit/s Ethernet
Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
The Ethernet specification encompasses Layers 1 and 2 of the reference model:
Data Link Layer:

Logical Link Control (LLC)
Connection to higher sub-layers
Repeater
Bridge
Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1
Media Access Control MAC)

Grouping of the data (into frames) Error checking (CRC) CSMA/CD
Physical Layer:
Current, voltage Frequency Half/full duplex Physical features (cables, connectors, etc.)
3

Ethernet Basics Ethernet in the ISO / OSI reference model

EK2002 Introduction
Reference model CSMA/CD Collision 10Mbit/s Ethernet
Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
The TCP/IP specification encompasses Layers 3 and 4 of the reference model:
Transport Layer:
TCP transport of data
Repeater
Bridge
Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1
Network Layer:
IP Find the way trough the net

Ethernet Basics Network access procedures CSMA/CD

EK2002 Introduction
CS - Carrier Sense
MA - Multiple Access
Bridge
100Mbit/s Ethernet Switch Router Gateway Gigabit Ethernet Collision Industrial Ethernet
CD - Collision Detection

Ethernet Basics Structuring of networks with repeaters

EK2002 Introduction
7 6 5 4 3 2 7 6 5 4 3 2
Collision domain Segment A Segment B
Bridge
1 Transmission medium
Repeater
1 Transmission medium
Expansion: 4.5km 1) Number of stations: 1024 Access procedure: CSMA/CD

1) In the 10 Mbit/s network

10
Ethernet Basics Structuring of networks with bridges

EK2002 Introduction
Collision domain Segment A

7 6 5 4
Collision domain Segment B

7 6 5 4 3
Bridge
3 2 1 Transmission medium
Bridge
2 1 Transmission medium
Expansion: 4.5km 1) Number of stations: 1024 Access procedure: CSMA/CD

1) In the 10 Mbit/s network

12
Ethernet Basics 3 routes to increased performance on the network

EK2002 Introduction
Switching for parallel communication
Full duplex for increasing data throughput
Bridge
100 Mbit/s for high-speed transport of the data

15
Ethernet Basics Why 100 Mbit/s ?

EK2002 Introduction
Reference model CSMA/CD Collision 10Mbit/s Ethernet Repeater 10 Mbit/s t 100 Mbit/s
The 100 Mbit/s network
High bandwidth guaranteed

Non-lag data traffic
even in bursts of data traffic activity (e.g. from workstation/server)
Increased data throughput

in the network
Clean network:
invalid data packages are minimized
Bridge
100Mbit/s Ethernet Switch Router Gateway Gigabit Ethernet Industrial Ethernet 10 Mbit/s Dt
The 10 Mbit/s network
100 Mbit/s The Big Pipe!

t

16
Ethernet Basics Bridge/switch

EK2002 Introduction
Reference model CSMA/CD Collision 10Mbit/s Ethernet Repeater RAM RAM
Bridge
Multiport-bridge
Switch
CPU
CPU
RAM
CPU
CPU CPU CPU
Bridge
CPU CPU CPU CPU
Differences in the internal architecture have decisive influence on performance

21
Ethernet Basics Parallel networking

EK2002 Introduction
S erv er
Segment B
Switch
Bridge
100Mbit/s Ethernet Switch Router Gateway Segment C Gigabit Ethernet Industrial Ethernet Segment A

22
Ethernet Basics Shared LAN/switched LAN

EK2002 Introduction
Reference model CSMA/CD Collision
Segment D Segment A
LAN
Segment B Segment A
LAN
Segment B
10Mbit/s Ethernet Repeater

Segment C
Segment D Segment C
Bridge
Data traffic
Switched LAN
Each individual segment has the full performance/data rate Simultaneous data traffic in several segments; several message frames Filtering: Local data traffic remains local; only selected data packets cross segment boundaries
Shared LAN
All nodes on the network share network performance/data rate All data packets go through all segments Only one message frame on the network at any one time Collisions reduce the efficiency of the network to approximately 40%

25
Ethernet Basics Full duplex and parallel networking

EK2002 Introduction
Bridge
100Mbit/s Ethernet
100 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s
Switch Router Gateway Gigabit Ethernet Industrial Ethernet

Parallel networking: Several frames simultaneously
100 Mbit/s
100 Mbit/s Full duplex: Send and receive data simultaneously

28
Industrial Ethernet Increase in performance

EK2002 Introduction
Data throughput
100Mbit/s switched full duplex
100Mbit/s switched 100Mbit/s shared 10Mbit/s switched full duplex 10Mbit/s switched 10Mbit/s shared 40Mbit/s 20Mbit/s 10Mbit/s 4Mbit/s 100Mbit/s 200Mbit/s
Network technology
*)
Bridge
*)
*) Effective data throughput because of collisions

29
Ethernet Basics Structuring of networks with routers

EK2002 Introduction
Segment A Segment B
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Transmission medium
IP subnet
IP subnet
Collision domain
Collision domain
Collision domain
Segment C
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Transmission medium
Collision domain
Segment D
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Transmission medium
Bridge
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Transmission medium
Router
Bridge
Bridge

31
Ethernet Basics Structuring of networks with routers

EK2002 Introduction
Bridge
Routers Coupling of subnets with identical protocols at the network level (terminal device requires an IP address) Transport decision on Layer 3 (network address), Finding the optimal connection between two subnets Coupling via WAN Requirements: use of "routable" protocols (active Layer 3; ISO protocol is not routable) Hierarchical structures possible through logical subnet formation Layer 3 switch
An extremely fast router thanks to hardware support

32
Ethernet Basics What is Industrial Ethernet?

EK2002 Introduction
Basic idea
Industrial Ethernet components are based on the familiar IEEE Standards Supplementation of special features that are especially important for industrial communication Designed for Industry Components have been designed for harsh industrial operation Industrial Ethernet takes account of the differences in marginal conditions between industrial environments and the office world
Bridge

36
Ethernet Basics Differences between office/industrial networks

EK2002 Introduction
Feature Industry Availability Extremely high requirements Network downtimes < 500 ms required to avoid plant minutes range standstills Response Guaranteed response times w/o guarantee times
Office Mid-range requirements Network downtimes in the seconds to acceptable Best-possible r.
Bridge
100Mbit/s Ethernet Switch
(already commenced low-priority

Router Gateway Gigabit Ethernet Industrial Ethernet
transfer is completed before
processing of a higher priority) Installation By plant commissioning SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry
By specialist 37
Ethernet Basics Differences between office/industrial networks

EK2002 Introduction
Feature Used in
Industry Local control cabinet Separate floor distribution boxes
Office
Planning and building measures
Bridge
for network infrastructure DIN rail installation 19 assembly 24 V supply 110 / 230 V supply 0-60C ambient temperature 0-45C Some vibration load Device Low, switches with High, switches with density fewer ports high number of ports SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry
38
Clearly structured network topologies with Ethernet

EK2002 Introduction
Office (EN 50173)

SDB BDB
FDB FDB FDB
Industry
SDB
Site
BDB FDB
BDB FDB
BDB Building
Bridge
SDB = Site distriution board BDB = Building distribution board DTE = Data terminal
Floor, hall
MDB
MDB
DTE
DTE
DTE
DTE
FDB = Floor distribution board MDB = Machine distribution board
39
Ethernet in automation Line topology in production hall

EK2002 Introduction
Industrial networking Line topology at cell and field level

SDB
Primary cabling
BDB
BDB
Secondary cabling
Production hall
Bridge
MDB
Tertiary cabling
MDB
Tertiary cabling
MDB
Tertiary cabling
SDB = Site distribution board, BDB = Building distribution board; MDB = Machine distribution board Distribution boards are designed as switches or routers in full-duplex mode

40
ELS TP 40 Electrical lean switch voor Ethernet

EK2002 Introduction
Reference model CSMA/CD
Configuratie Jargon Overzicht
Collision Mobic
Ethernet I/O 10Mbit/s Ethernet
4-poort IE switch, met 2 integrale FastConnect aansluitelementen voor 2 poorten. (Automatische crossing) Realisatie van low-cost Ethernet lineaire bus topologie met 4-draads FastConnect twisted-pair kabel. Tot 100 meter per segement. Aansluiten tot 2 data terminal devices of een data terminal device met een programmeerapparaat d.m.v. RJ45 poorten. Alle poorten geschikt 10/100 Mbit/s autosensing/autonegotiation. ELS voeding via externe voeding.
Repeater
Bridge

41
Lineaire topologie met de ELS TP40

EK2002 Introduction
Collision Mobic
Ethernet I/O 10Mbit/s Ethernet OSM TP40
PG koppeling
Verbinden van terminal devices of PG met TP kabel tot 10 m.
Schakelkast
Repeater
Bridge
IE FC TP kabel tot 100 m, aan te sluiten d.m.v. Isolatiedoordringingselement Fiberoptic LAN 24V DC 24V DC

42
Industrial Ethernet Designed for Industry

EK2002 Introduction
Design
Rugged full-metal housing Module design for DIN-rail mounting, Especially resistant to vibration
Impervious to EMI
Guarantees reliable data traffic even in environments subject to electromagnetic interference
Bridge
Permanently secure connections

Sub-D for Industrial twisted-pair RJ45 full-metal connectors with additional interlocking BFOC for fiber optic

43

EK2002 Introduction
Diagnostics
LEDs (link status, power, collisions, data) Signal contact Simple, low-cost monitoring and function control of the INCs via a digital signal contact Integration of signals from the network into any available HMI system (e.g. Win CC)
No special monitoring software required No separate network management station required No special training required
Bridge
SNMP OPC server Web based management SNMP RMON

44

EK2002 Introduction
Wide temperature range

00C to 60C
Network topologies
Linear bus, star, tree Redundant electrical/optical ring
Bridge
High level of availability

High-speed media redundancy in millisecond range in electrical/optical ring topologies (ESM/OSM) Redundant power supply: safe low voltage 2 x 24 V DC for ELS, ESM, OSM

45

EK2002 Introduction
Spanning tree algorithm (IEEE 802.1d)

12
High-speed redundancy SIMATIC NET

12
Bridge
6 Network reconfiguration > 30 seconds
6 Network reconfiguration < 0.3 seconds

46
user interface on a view

EK2002 Introduction
Bridge

49
Industrial Communication
EK2002 Introduction
CP343-1Lean
Preisgnstiger Ethernet Anschluss fr SIMATIC S7 300 Einfachbreite Baugruppe spart Einbauplatz im Rack und im Schaltschrank. Fr PG-Betrieb sofort Einsatzbereit, da Vergabe der IP-Adresse direkt aus der Projektierung (DCP Protokoll lt. PROFINET Spezifikation V2). Baugruppentausch ohne PG durch Configuration-Plug
Bridge
CP443-1 Advanced
Aufbau kleiner lokaler Netzwerke ber integrierten 4-Port Switch Zugriff auf Prozessinformationen mit Standard-Webbrowser Einfache webbasierte Diagnose auch ohne STEP 7 Einfache universelle Kopplung ber FTP Filesystem als preisgnstiger Massenspeicher bertragung von ereignisgesteuerten Meldungen mit E-Mail Baugruppentausch ohne PG durch Configuration-Plug

50
PROFINET
EK2002 Introduction
IE/PB Link PN IO
Proxy-Funktionalitt Investitionsschutz durch Anbindung von PROFIBUS Slaves an PROFINET IO S7-Routing fr PG/OP-Kommunikation Netzbergang als DP-Master Klasse 2 / Vertikale Integration
Softnet PN IO
Software fr PROFINET IO-Controller mit OPC-Server und NCM PC
Bridge
Systemanschlsse fr SIMATIC S7
CP 343-1 und CP 443-1 Advanced mit PROFINET IO und PROFINET CBA Funktionalitt
SCALANCE X 200
Industrielle Switches optimiert fr den Einsatz mit PROFINET Einfache Diagnose und Administration durch Integration in die SIMATIC Engineering Tools

51
Praktijk
EK2002 Introduction
Collision Mobic
Ethernet I/O 10Mbit/s Ethernet
Repeater
Bridge

52
EK2002 Introduction
Bridge

53
FastConnect RJ45 plug 180/90

EK2002 Introduction
Bridge
Simple connection technique (insulation displacement contacts) for 4-core copper twisted-pair installation cables (100 Mbit/s) Failsafe connections thanks to good view of connection area Industrialized design (rugged metal housing, no loose parts) Good EMI shielding and dispersion (metal housing) Integral strain relief for installation cables Additional strain relief of the plug connector possible on the housing

54
FastConnect RJ45 Plug 180/90

EK2002 Introduction
PREPARE WIRE BY STRIPPING ACCORDING INSTRUCTION SHEET WITH STRIPPING TOOL AND OPEN PLUG. STOPPING POSITION
Bridge
SHIELDING COVER
INSERT WIRE TOWARDS STOPPING POSITION.
3
TERMINATE WIRE BY PRESSING DOWN PIVOT COVER.
CLOSE UPPER SHIELDING COVER. PRESS UPPER AND LOWER SHIELDING COVER TOWARDS EACH OTHER
5
LOCK PLUG AND ACTIVATE STRAIN RELIEF BY TURNING LOCKING DEVICE 180 USING SCREW DRIVER OR SPANNER

55
Industrial Ethernet FastConnect modular outlet

EK2002 Introduction
Reference model CSMA/CD Collision 10Mbit/s Ethernet Repeater Category 6 of the international cabling standards ISO/IEC 11801 and EN 50173
RJ45 outlet for gigabit Ethernet
Bridge

56
Industrial Ethernet FastConnect Modular Outlet

EK2002 Introduction
Bridge

57

EK2002 Introduction
Bridge

58

EK2002 Introduction
Bridge

59

EK2002 Introduction
Systemkonfiguration mit FC Modular Outlet 100 Mbit/s und 1000 Mbit/s
Bridge

60
PROFINET
EK2002 Introduction
Bridge
PROFINET - The Industrial Ethernet standard for automation
Data
IO
Motion
Safety
Process

61
PROFINET the solution!

EK2002 Introduction
PROFINET is the open Industrial Ethernet standard for Automation PROFINET is based on Industrial Ethernet PROFINET utilizes TCP/IP and IT-Standards PROFINET is Real-Time Ethernet PROFINET allows seamless integration of fieldbus systems
Bridge
62
Distributed Field Devices

EK2002 Introduction
Process
Safety
Real-time communication
Bridge
IT-Standards & Security
PROFINET
Motion Control
Distributed field devices
Network Installation
Distributed Automation

63
Real-Time Communication
EK2002 Introduction
Uniform communication und quick reaction times

Simultaneous real-time and IT-service on one cable
Scaleable real-time communication from non-critical time applications up to high performance applications
Unlimited TCP/IP communication
Internet
Bridge
100Mbit/s Ethernet Switch
Factory Automation
PROFINET
Motion Control
Router Gateway Gigabit Ethernet Industrial Ethernet

100ms 10ms <1ms
IT-services Process data
TCP/IP Real-Time
64

real-time communication with PROFINET

EK2002 Introduction
1 Open Channel for IT applications

e.g. HTTP SNMP DHCP...
PROFInet applications
1 Standard data Real-time data
Real-time
TCP/UDP/IP

Bridge
TCP IP Ethernet
2
Device parameterisation and configuration Reading of diagnostics data Negotiation of the communication channel for user data
SRT
Real Time Channel for SRT

High-performance cyclic data transmission Event-controlled signals

65
Configuration in STEP7
EK2002 Introduction
Same configuration view for PROFIBUS and PROFINET

STEP7 / HW-Config GSDML
Bridge
GSD + XML = GSDML
Quick start in PROFINET through the use of existing user know-how SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry
66
PROFIBUS PROFINET
EK2002 Introduction
Configuring/programming
Same user views for IOs
Hardware configuring Diagnostics Program creation
Bridge
Hardware
Same IO modules alternatively behind
PROFIBUS PROFINET
PROFIBUS devices are transparent behind the IE/PB link on PROFINET
Same user handling, that is, existing knowledge/experience can be used

Existing investment can be integrated

67
Scalance X 108
EK2002 Introduction
Scalance X 108
8-port switch with diagnostics via LED Establishment of low-cost copper star topologies Connection of up to 8 terminal devices via RJ45 sockets Rugged IP20 metal housing for direct wall or DIN rail mounting Redundant voltage supply Integral signal contact S7 300 design concept
Bridge

68
Network management through SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

EK2002 Introduction
Manager
Polling Trap
MIB
Bridge
MIB Event-controlled through agent
Agent SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry

69
Industrial Wireless LAN

EK2002 Introduction
SCALANCE W
Bridge
Zuverlssig durch Redundanzfunktion und Datenratenreservierung Sicher durch neueste Verschlsselungsstandards Industriegerecht durch robustes Gehusedesign (IP 65) Outdoorfhig durch Temperaturbereich von 20C bis +60C selbst bei Betauung

70
Thanks for your attention.

EK2002 Introduction
Bridge
Ruud Welschen

75

Ethernet Basics Master Class

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Automation and Drives

Ethernet Basics Ethernet <> Industrial Ethernet PROFINET

SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry

Automation and Drives

Ethernet Basics History

First Drawing by Bob Metcalfe

Automation and Drives

Ethernet Basics Ethernet in the ISO / OSI reference model

Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5

Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

The Ethernet specification encompasses Layers 1 and 2 of the reference model:

Data Link Layer:

Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1

Media Access Control MAC)

SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry

Automation and Drives

Ethernet Basics Ethernet in the ISO / OSI reference model

Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5

Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

The TCP/IP specification encompasses Layers 3 and 4 of the reference model:

Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1

SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry

Automation and Drives

Ethernet Basics Network access procedures CSMA/CD

SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry

Automation and Drives

Ethernet Basics Structuring of networks with repeaters

Collision domain Segment A Segment B

Expansion: 4.5km 1) Number of stations: 1024 Access procedure: CSMA/CD

SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry

Automation and Drives

Ethernet Basics Structuring of networks with bridges

Collision domain Segment A

Collision domain Segment B

Expansion: 4.5km 1) Number of stations: 1024 Access procedure: CSMA/CD

SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry

Automation and Drives

Ethernet Basics 3 routes to increased performance on the network

Switching for parallel communication

Full duplex for increasing data throughput

100 Mbit/s for high-speed transport of the data

SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry

Automation and Drives

Ethernet Basics Why 100 Mbit/s ?

The 100 Mbit/s network

High bandwidth guaranteed

Increased data throughput

The 10 Mbit/s network

100 Mbit/s The Big Pipe!

SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry

Automation and Drives

Ethernet Basics Bridge/switch

CPU CPU CPU CPU

Differences in the internal architecture have decisive influence on performance

SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry

Automation and Drives

Ethernet Basics Parallel networking

SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry

Automation and Drives

Ethernet Basics Shared LAN/switched LAN

10Mbit/s Ethernet Repeater

SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry

Automation and Drives

Ethernet Basics Full duplex and parallel networking