9.

1
ksi f
ksi f
y
c
60
4
'
=
=
Example 1 Design of Cap Beam
9.2
Design Steps
1. Visualize flow of stresses and Sketch an idealized
strut-and-tie model
2. Check size of bearing nodal zone stresses
3. Select area of ties
4. Check strength of struts
5. Provide adequate anchorage for the ties
6. Provide crack control reinforcement
7. Sketch required reinforcement

9.3
Step 1 - Draw Idealized Truss Model
Pier Cap Elevation
9.4
Step 1 - Draw Idealized Truss Model
9.5
Step 1 Solve for Member Forces
9.6
Steps 2 thru 5 Check Strength
2. Size of Bearing
3. Tension Tie
4. Compression
Strut
5. Anchorage
9.7
Step 2 Check Size of Bearings
2
'
c
u
in. 142
4 70 . 0 65 . 0
259
f 0.65
P
required area bearing =

=
|
=
'
'
'
65 . 0
75 . 0
85 . 0
c
c
c
f
f
f
of stress limiting node CTT B Node
of stress limiting node CCT A Node
of stress limiting node CCC D Node
|
|
'
'
'
65 . 0
75 . 0
85 . 0
c
c
c
f
f
f
of stress limiting node CTT B Node
of stress limiting node CCT A Node
of stress limiting node CCC D Node
|
|
'
'
'
65 . 0
75 . 0
85 . 0
c
c
c
f
f
f
of stress limiting node CTT B Node
of stress limiting node CCT A Node
of stress limiting node CCC D Node
|
|
9.8
Step 3 Choose Tension Tie Reinforcement
2
in. 46 . 5
60 9 . 0
295
=

= =
y
u
st
f
P
A
|
Use 6 No. 9 bars
2
s
in. 0 . 6 A =
a) Top Reinforcement
over Column, Tie AB
9.9
Step 3 Choose Tension Tie Reinforcement
Use 12 No. 9 bars
2
in. 0 . 12 =
s
A
b) Bottom Reinforcement
at Midspan
2
in. 20 . 11
60 9 . 0
605
=

= =
y
u
st
f
P
A
|
9.10
Step 3 Choose Tension Tie Reinforcement
Provide No. 5 double-legged stirrups at 12 in
c) Stirrups, Ties BG & CH
Try 2-legged No. 5 Stirrups
45 . 4
60 31 . 0 2 9 . 0
149
f A
P
n
y st
u
=

=
|
=
in. 5 . 13
45 . 4
60
s = s
9.11
Step 4 Check Capacity of Struts
Strut FB is most
critical
f
cu
controlled by
tensile strain in tie at
smallest angle to
strut
3
s st
u
s
10 695 . 1
000 , 29 0 . 6
295
E A
P

=

= = c
9.12
Step 4 Check Capacity of Struts
671
kips
295
kips
285
kips
217
kips
= 1.69510
-3

c
s
= 0.84810
-3

18" bearing
8"
c ~ 0
18 sin 40.3 + 8 cos 40.3
= 17.7
c
s
40.3
o

c
s
= 1.65710
-3

149 kips

49.7
o
( )
3 3
s
10 848 . 0 2 / 0 10 695 . 1

= + = c
( ) ( )
3 0 2 3 3
s
2
s s 1
10 81 . 4 3 . 40 cot 002 . 0 10 848 . 0 10 848 . 0 cot 002 . 0

= + + = o + c + c = c
9.13
Step 4 Check Capacity of Struts
671
kips
295
kips
285
kips
217
kips
= 1.69510
-3

c
s
= 0.84810
-3

18" bearing
8"
c ~ 0
18 sin 40.3 + 8 cos 40.3
= 17.7
c
s
40.3
o

c
s
= 1.65710
-3

149 kips

49.7
o
ksi 3.40 4 0.85 ksi 47 . 2
10 81 . 4 170 8 . 0
4
f 85 . 0
170 8 . 0
f
f
3
'
c
1
'
c
cu
= s =
+
= s
c +
=

kips 1312 30 7 . 17 47 . 2 A f P
cs cu n
= = =
required kips 671 kips 918 1312 70 . 0 P P
n r
> = = | =
40.3
O
9.14
Step 5 Check Anchorage of Tension Tie
43 in.
Embedment length for No.
9 bars =
36 + 9 2 in. cover = 43 in.
Development length for No.
9 bars including top bar
effect = 48 in.
Provide hooked bars
9.15
Step 5 Check Anchorage of Tension Tie
Check nodal zone
stress
ksi 024 . 1
36 4 2
295
f
c
=

=
Limiting nodal zone
stress (5.6.3.6) is:
ksi 1 . 2 4 70 . 0 75 . 0 f 75 . 0 f
'
c c
= = | =
9.16
Step 6 Provide Crack Control Reinforcement
D-region (region near
discontinuity)
Between nodes A & B
0.003 of Gross Area
Section 5.6.3.6
2
s
in. 30 . 1 36 12 003 . 0 A = =
Provide 4 No. 5 bars
horizontal (1.24 in2)
Provide 4 legs of No. 5
stirrups
9.17
Step 6 Provide Crack Control Reinforcement
B-region (flexural region)
Between nodes B & D
Minimum Av per 5.8.2.5
Provided 2-legged No. 5 stirrups at 12 in.
OK
2
y
v '
c v
in. 46 . 0
60
12 36
4 0316 . 0
f
s b
f 0316 . 0 A =

= =
9.18
Step 7 Sketch the Required Reinforcement
D - region B - region
6 No.9
4 legged No.5
stirrups at 12"
2 legged No.5
stirrups at 12"
4 No.5
2 No.5
12 No.9
4 No.5 typ. 2 No.5 typ.
each face
6 No.9 top
4 legs of No.5
closed stirrups
@ 12"
12 No.9 bot 12 No.9 bot
2 No.5@12"
2 No.9 top