Occupational Health And Safety Management Systems OHSAS 18001:2007

A Systematic Approach To People Health & Safety Care In All Aspects Of Business

Brief History

ISO 9001 / 2 / 3:1994 Quality Management Systems

ISO 14001:1996 Environmental Management Systems

HS(G)65 Successful Health & Safety Management (HSE, UK) BS 8800:1996 Guide to OHSMS

1996 ISO safety committee voted down an OHSMS ISO standard

Dutch Technical Report NPR 5001:1997 Guide To An OHSMS

Brief History
(Continued)

1997 Start Of National / Individual Organizational Standards For Auditing Against BS 8800: SGS & ISMOL ISA 2000:1997 Requirements For Safety & Health Management Systems BVQI SAFETYCERT OHSMS DNV OHSMS:1997 Standard For Certification Of OHSMS IRELAND - DRAFT NSAI SR 320 Recommendation For An OHSMS DRAFT AS / NZ 4801 OHSMS Specification With Guidance For Use DRAFT BSI PAS 088 OHSMS UNE 81900 Series Of Pre-standards On The Prevention Of Occupational Risks DRAFT LRQA SMS 8800 Health & Safety Management Systems Assessment Criteria

Brief History
(Continued)

OHSAS 18001:1999 Occupational Health And Safety Management Systems

Specification: Withdrawn

OHSAS 18002:2000 Occupational Health And Safety Management Systems Guidelines For The Implementation Of OHSAS 18001

International Labour Organization:2001, Guidelines on Occupational Health and

Safety Management Systems (OSH-MS)

OHSAS 18001:2007 Occupational health and safety management systems Requirements: Aligned with ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & ILO guidelines

NOTE:

Compliance With OHSAS 18001:1999 Does Not Of Itself Confer Immunity From Legal Obligations

Organizations Involved In Developing OHSAS 18001:2007

American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)

Associacion Espanola de Normalizacion y Certificacion (AENOR)

Association of British Certification Bodies (ABCB) British Standards Institution (BSI) Bureau Veritas Comision Fedaral de Electricidad (CFE), (Gerencia de la seguridad industrial) Czech Accreditation Institute (CAI) Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

DS Certification A/S
EEF the manufacturers organisation

Organizations Involved In Developing OHSAS 18001:2007

(Continued)

ENLAR Compliance Services, Inc.

Health and Safety Executive Hong Cong Quality Assurance Agency (HKQAA) Inspecta Certification Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) Instituto Argentino de Normalizacion y Certificacion (IRAM) Instituto Colombiano de Normas Tecnicas y Certificacion (ICONTEC)

Instituto de Normas Tecnicas de Costa Rica (INTECO)

Instituto Mexicano de Normalizacion y Certificacion (IMNC)

Organizations Involved In Developing OHSAS 18001:2007

(Continued)

Instituto Uruguayo de Normas Tecnicas (UNIT)

ITS Consultants Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association (JISHA) Japanese Standards Association (JSA) Korea Gas Safety Corporation (ISO Certificate Division) Lloyds Register Quality Assurance (LRQA) Management Systems Certification Limited

National Standards Authority of Ireland (NSAI)

National University of Singapore (NUS) NPKF ELECTON

Organizations Involved In Developing OHSAS 18001:2007

(Continued)

NQA
Quality Management Institute (QMI) SABS Commercial (Pty) Ltd. Service de Normalisation Industrielle Marocaine (SNIMA) SGS United Kingdom Ltd SIRIM QAS International SPRING Singapore

Standards Institute of Israel (SII)

Standards New Zealand (SNZ) Sucofindo International Certification Services (SICS)

Organizations Involved In Developing OHSAS 18001:2007

(Continued)

Swedish Industry Association (Sinf)

TUV Rheinland Cert GmbH TUV Rheinland Group Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ)

Occupational Health & Safety

Conditions

and factors that affect the

health and safety of employees or other workers (including temporary workers and contracted personnel), visitors or any other person in the work place

Ill Health
Identifiable,

adverse physical or mental

condition arising from and / or made worse by a work activity and / or work-related situation

OH&S Hazard
What

is OH&S Hazard?

OH&S Hazard
Source,

situation, or act with a potential for

harm in terms of:

Human A

injury or ill health, or

combination of these

e.g.:

Slippery conditions

Types Of Hazard
What

are the different types of OH&S

hazards?

Types Of Hazard

Chemical

Physical
Biological Ergonomic

Physiological Psychological

Types Of Hazard (Contd)

Chemical

Explosives

Corrosives
Flammable liquids Toxic chemicals Oxidizing materials Dangerous gases / vapours Dusts / fumes / smoke / aerosols / mists

Types Of Hazard (Contd)

Physical

Noise/ Vibration

Electrical
Mechanical Temperature Radiation:

Ionizing Non-ionizing

Infrared / Ultraviolet / Microwave / Laser

Types Of Hazard (Contd)

Biological

Bacteria

Fungi
Moulds Mites Insects Plants Viruses

Types Of Hazard (Contd)

Ergonomic

Physiological factors

Lifting
Cumulative trauma disorders Fatigue

Psychological factors

Monotony Personal relationships Work rest cycles

Incident
What

is an incident?

Incident (Contd)

Work-related event(s) in which an injury or ill health (regardless of severity) or fatality occurred, or could have occurred

Note 1: An accident is an incident which has given rise to injury, ill health or fatality.

Note 2: An incident where no injury, ill health, or fatality occurs may also
be referred to as a near-miss, near-hit, close call or dangerous occurrence.

Note 3: An emergency situation is a particular type of incident. e.g. Slipping of feet

Risk

What is Risk?

Risk (Contd)

Combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event

or exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health that can be

caused by the event or exposure(s)

e.g.: High likelihood & high severity extreme risk

Acceptable risk Risk that has been reduced to a level that can be tolerated by the organization having regard to its legal obligations and its own OH&S policy

Safety

Consider: People, Equipment, Material, Environment

Freedom from unacceptable risk or harm

Managing risks:

Avoid high risks Manage medium risks Live with low risks Terminate, treat, tolerate, transfer

Controlling accidental loss

Analyze loss causation chain Act on the lack of control

Loss Causation Chain

Loss:

Unintended Harm And / Or Damage

Incident / Event:

Crossing A Threshold Limit

Immediate Causes:

Substandard Acts / Practices; Conditions

Basic Causes:

Personal Factors; System / Job Factors

Lack Of Control:

Inadequate System / Standards / Compliance

Accident Ratio

Possibilities: For every 1 major injury

10 minor injuries 30 property damages 600 near misses

Direct your efforts to many significant opportunities of near-misses to control accidental loss

Immediate Causes
Substandard Conditions

Inadequate guards / barriers Inadequate PPE Defective tools / equipment Congestion Inadequate warning system Disorder Inadequate ventilation Inadequate illumination

Immediate Causes (Contd)

Substandard Acts / Practices

Failure to warn Failure to obey rules Failure to follow procedures Removing safety devices Improper lifting Failure to use PPE Servicing operating equipment Horseplay

Basic Causes
System / Job Factors

Inadequate leadership Inadequate engineering Inadequate purchasing Inadequate tools / equipment Inadequate maintenance Wear & tear Abuse and misuse

Basic Causes (Contd)

Personal Factors

Inadequate capability Lack of knowledge Lack of skill Stress Improper motivation

Lack Of Control

Inadequate system Inadequate system standards Inadequate compliance with standards

Management controllability Vs Operator controllability

OH&S Management System

Part of an organizations management system used to develop and

implement its OH&S policy and manage its OH&S risks

Note 1: A management system is a set of interrelated elements used to establish policy and objectives and to achieve those objectives.

Note 2: A management system includes:

Organizational structure Planning activities (including, for example, risk assessment and the setting of objectives)

Responsibilities Practices, procedures, processes and resources

Interested Parties
OH&S

Person or group, inside or outside the workplace, concerned with or

affected by the OH&S performance of an organization:

Employees, management Suppliers and contractors

Regulatory authorities
Insurers Financial stake holders (banks, shareholders)

Customers
Media Society at large

Why Have OHSMS?

Low probability of lapses in legal compliance Improved productivity due to:

Reduced stress, improved motivation

Reduced man-hours lost Improved employee involvement

Improved public image Avoidance of adverse publicity Better response in emergency situations reduced loss Improved relations with regulatory bodies

Reduced compensation losses

Sustainable development

Shewart & Demings P-D-C-A Model

ACT PLAN

CHECK

DO

OH&S Management System Model

OH&S Requirements
4.1 General requirements

Establish, document, implement, maintain and continually improve an

OHSMS as per the requirements of OHSAS 18001:2007

Define and document the scope of OHSMS

OH&S Requirements (Contd)

4.2 OH&S Policy

Authorized by top management

Appropriate to the nature and scale of OH&S risks

Includes commitment to prevention of injury and ill health Includes commitment to continual improvement in OH&S management and performance

Includes commitment to at least comply with current applicable OH&S legislation and other requirements

Provides framework for setting and reviewing OH&S objectives

OH&S Requirements (Contd)

4.2 OH&S Policy (Continued)

Document, implement and maintain

Communication to all persons working under control of the organization for

awareness of individual OH&S obligations

Availability to interested parties Periodic review for relevance and appropriateness

Plan
4.3 Planning

4.3.1 Hazard identification, risk assessment and determining controls

4.3.2 Legal and other requirements

4.3.3 Objectives and programme(s)

Risk Controls

Elimination

Substitution
Engineering controls Signage / Warnings and / or administrative controls Personal Protective Equipment

OH&S Legislation
Few Examples

The factories act, 1948 State factory rules, 1950 / 1952

Environmental (protection) act, 1986

Manufacture, storage and import of hazardous chemicals rules, 1989 / 1994 / 2000

Hazardous wastes (management and handling) rules,1989 / 2000 / 2003 The noise (regulation and control) rules, 2000

OH&S Legislation
Few Examples (Continued)

The petroleum act, 1934 & amendments

Petroleum rules, 1976

Explosives act, 1884 and amendments Explosives rules, 1983

Gas cylinder rules, 1981

The static and mobile pressure vessel rules, 1981 Calcium carbide rules, 1950

The Indian boiler act, 1950 and amendments

Motor vehicles act, 1980 & rules

OH&S Legislation
Few Examples (Continued)

Indian electricity act, 1910 Indian electricity rules, 1956

Contract labour (regulation & abolition) act, 1970; and rules, 1971
Workmen compensation act, 1923

OH&S Objectives

Minimum to meet legal and other requirements Consistent with OH&S policy

At relevant functions and levels

S: specific M: measurable

A: achievable
R: relevant T: time bound

OH&S Programme(s)

To achieve OH&S objectives Designation of responsibility and authority

The means and time frame

Do
4.4 Implementation and operation

4.4.1 Resources, roles, responsibility, accountability and authority

Management appointee

4.4.2 Competence, training and awareness 4.4.3 Communication, participation and consultation

4.4.4 Documentation
4.4.5 Control of documents 4.4.6 Operational control 4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and response

Check
4.5 Checking

4.5.1 Performance measurement and monitoring 4.5.2 Evaluation of compliance 4.5.3 Incident investigation, nonconformity, corrective and preventive action

4.5.3.1 Incident investigation 4.5.3.2 Nonconformity, corrective and preventive action

4.5.4 Control of records 4.5.5 Internal audit

Act
4.6 Management review

Top management to review OHSMS at planned intervals Ensure continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness Assess opportunities for improvement and need for changes Maintain records of management review

Act (Contd)
4.6 Management review (Contd) Review inputs

Results of internal audits Results of evaluation of compliance with OH&S legislation and other requirements

Results of participation and consultation Communications from interested parties (Including complaints) OH&S performance OH&S objectives achievement

Status of incident investigations, CA / PA

Act (Contd)
4.6 Management review (Contd) Review inputs (Contd)

Follow-up actions from previous management reviews Changing circumstances including OH&S legislation / other requirements Recommendations for improvement

Act (Contd)
4.6 Management review (Contd) Review outputs

Consistent with commitment to continual improvement

Decisions and actions related to possible changes to:

OH&S performance OH&S policy and objectives Resources Other elements of OHSMS

Road Map
Evaluate

present status
need for OHSMS

Understand Develop Form

commitment

core team

Road Map (Contd)

Procure
Arrange Prepare Conduct

OHSAS 18001 & 2 Standards

awareness training OHSMS documentation hazard identification and risk

analysis

Road Map (Contd)

Review

OH&S legal and other

requirements
Establish

OH&S policy, objectives and

programme(s)
Implement

the established OHSMS

Road Map (Contd)

Internal
Conduct

auditors training
periodic Internal audits and carry

out preventive & corrective action

Conduct

management reviews and

execute plans of actions

Road Map (Contd)

Select
Initial

certifying body
visit by certifying body corrective actions on observations

Conduct

by certifying body, internal audit and management review

Road Map (Contd)

Certification
Maintain

audit (Valid for 3 years)

and continually Improve the

system, conduct internal audits & management reviews

Periodic

audits by certifying body

Road Map (Contd)

Certification
Maintain

audit (Valid for 3 years)

and continually Improve the

system, conduct internal audits & management reviews

Periodic

audits by certifying body

What is required to obtain OHSAS 18001 certification?

Positive
Accept Team Little Make

& learning attitude

the change

spirit

more effort OH&S The way of life

In what way can I contribute towards obtaining OHSAS 18001 certification?

Understand your role in your organizations

OH&S policy & objectives and cooperate for effective implementation

Understand and help documentation of OHSMS in your area and work accordingly

In what way can I contribute towards obtaining OHSAS 18001 certification?...

Seek for improvement

In case of OH&S nonconformities, take prompt corrective and preventive actions in consultation with the authorities

Carry out timely and neat record keeping (So that it will

be of use for analysis, planning and improvement in

future)

In what way can I contribute towards obtaining OHSAS 18001 certification?...

Take care of OH&S related monitoring and measuring

devices, ensure timely calibration

Ensure use of latest OHSMS documents and highlight any discrepancies

Ensure timely monitoring and measurement as specified

Ensure that OH&S is not compromised due to improper

operation, handling, storage

In what way can I contribute towards obtaining OHSAS 18001 certification?...

Participate whole-heartedly in emergency drills

Utilize your knowledge and information, get fully involved in activities related to you and always try to overcome obstacles

Work with team spirit, seek for mistake-proofing instead

of blaming people