Trigonometry is the study of the relationship between the angles and the sides of a triangle.

Angle Measures:
Angle are measured in many units viz. degree, minute, seconds, radians, we have 1 degree = 60 minutes, 1 minute= 60 seconds, radians = 180

In a right triangle ABC, if is the angle between AC and BC, where AC is the hypotenuse, then we have
Sin

= AB/AC ( Height/ Hypotenuse) Cos = BC/AC ( Base / Hypotenuse) Tan = AB/BC ( Height/ Base) Cot = 1/ Tan Sec = 1/ Cos Cosec = 1/ Sin

Angle

Sin

Cos

Tan

0
30 45 60 90

0
1/2 3/2 1

1
3/2 1/2 1/2 0

0
1/3 1 3

2nd Quadrant Here only sin and cosec are +ve

1st Quadrant

Here all ratios are +ve

3rd Quadrant

4th Quadrant
Here only cos and sec are +ve

Here only tan and cot are +ve

Q. In a ABC, A= 60 , B =90 and AB = 13 cm. Find BC. Q. Find the value of tan 240 Q. Find the value of cos 240

Q. In a ABC, AC= 10 cm, BC= 15 cm, and C= 60, Find side AB

If in a ABC, A, B and C are the vertices of triangle, side opposite to angle A is denoted by a, opposite to angle B is denoted by b and opposite to angle B is denoted by c. Then according to: Sine Rule (a/ Sin A) = (b/ Sin B) = (c/ Sin C)

Cosine Rule 1. a+b-c =2 ab Cos C 2. b+c-a =2 bc Cos A 3. a+c-b =2 ac Cos B

Tangent Rule (a-b)/(a+b) = tan ((A-B)/2)/ tan ((A+B)/2)

In a ABC, AB= 8 cm, BC = 15 cm, AC = 13 cm. Find B.

Angle of elevation: Suppose that there is a big tree and our eyes and the bottom of the tree is in one horizontal. When we want to see the top of the tree, we have to lift our eyes to see the top of the tree. In this process our eyes will cover certain angle and this angle is called angle of elevation. Angle of depression: Suppose we are standing on a tower and there is a big tree whose height is less than tower. We want to see the bottom of the tree, and we move our eyes down to see bottom of the tree. In this process our eyes cover certain angle and this angle is called angle of depression.

Q. A man is standing at a distance of 25 m from the bottom of the tree, and he finds that the angle of elevation of the top of the tree is 30 , find the height of the tree.

Q. a tower at a distance of 40 m from an object. From the top of the tower the angle of depression of the object is 60. Find the height of the tower.

Pythagoram Identities: 1. Tan = Sin / Cos 2. Sin + Cos = 1 3. 1 + tan = Sec 4. 1 + cot = Cosec Sum and Diff. Formulae: 1. Sin (xy) = Sin x Cos y Cos x Sin y 2. Cos (xy) = Cos x Cos y Sin x Sin y 3. Tan (xy) = (Tan x Tan y)/ (1 Tan x Tan Y)

Double Angled Formulae: 1. Sin (2x) = 2Sin x Cos x 2. Cos (2x) = Cos x - Sin x = 2 Cos x - 1 = 1- 2 Sin x 3. Tan (2x) = (2Tan x)/(1 Tan x) Products as Sum: 1. Sin x Cos y = (1/2)[Sin (x+y) + Sin (x-y)] 2. Cos x Sin y = (1/2)[Sin (x+y) - Sin (x-y)] 3. Cos x Cos y = (1/2)[Cos (x+y) + Cos (x-y)] 4. Sin x Sin y = (-1/2)[Cos (x+y) - Cos (x-y)]

Sum as product formulae:

1. 2. 3. 4.

Sin A + Sin B = 2[Sin ((A+B)/2) Cos ((A-B)/2)] Sin A - Sin B = 2[Sin ((A-B)/2) Cos ((A+B)/2)] Cos A + Cos B = 2[Cos ((A+B)/2) Cos ((A-B)/2)] Cos A - Cos B = -2[Sin ((A+B)/2) Sin ((A-B)/2)]