MICROMETER SCREW GAUGE & METRE RULER

1.RAHAZIMAH ALZAHRAH ABU BAKAR SADIQIN 2.SITI AISHAH KHADIJAH 3.INDERJIT KAUR 4. KHAIRUL AIN 5. FARRALISA MAISARA

HISTORY
The word micrometer is a neoclassical coinage from Greek micros, "small", and metron, "measure". The first ever micrometric screw was invented by William Gascoigne in the 17th century, as an enhancement of the vernier; it was used in a telescope to measure angular distances between stars and the relative sizes of celestial objects

The first documented development of handheld micrometer-screw calipers was by Jean Laurent Palmer of Paris in 1848;[2].

HISTORY
Basic types

The topmost image shows the three most common types of micrometer; the names are based on their application:
Outside micrometer (aka micrometer caliper), typically used to measure wires, spheres, shafts and blocks. Inside micrometer, used to measure the diameter of holes. Depth micrometer, measures depths of slots and steps.

PARTS
A micrometer is composed of: The C-shaped body that holds the anvil and barrel in constant relation to each other. It is thick because it needs to minimize flexion, expansion, and contraction, which would distort the measurement. The frame is heavy and consequently has a high thermal mass, to prevent substantial heating up by the holding hand/fingers. It is often covered by insulating plastic plates which further reduce heat transference. The shiny part that the spindle moves toward, and that the sample rests against. The stationary round part with the linear scale on it. Sometimes vernier markings. Frame

Anvil
Sleeve / barrel / stock

Lock nut / lock-ring / thimble lock

The knurled part (or lever) that one can tighten to hold the spindle stationary, such as when momentarily holding a measurement. Screw

(not seen) The heart of the micrometer, as explained under "Operating principles". It is inside the barrelSpindle
The shiny cylindrical part that the thimble causes to move toward the anvil. Thimble The part that one's thumb turns. Graduated markings. Ratchet stop (not shown in illustration) Device on end of handle that limits applied pressure by slipping at a calibrated torque.

MICROMETRE SCREW GAUGE

SCALE
MAIN SCALE: A scale marked on sleeve THIMBLE SCALE: A scale marked on the thimble

1.When taking reading,the thimble is turned until the object is gripped gently between the anvil and spindle. 2.The ratchet knob is turned until a click sound is heard.The rachet knob is used to prevent the user from exerting too much pressure on the object.The grip on object muct not be excessive as this will effect the accuracy of reading.

HOW TO TAKE READING

Main Scale Reading Read main scale reading at the edge of thimble.Take note that an additional half scale division (0.5mm)must be included if the mark below the harizontal refrence line is visible. Thimble Scale Reading Read the thimble scale reading at point where the hOrizontal refrence line of the main scale is in line with the graduation mark on the thimble scale MAIN SCALE READING+THIMBLE SCALE READING

ERRORS
Zero error
Zero error is any nonzero reading when the jaws are closed. It is the calibration error of the device often caused by knocks or overstrains. The way to use a micrometer with zero error is to use the formula 'actual reading = main scale + micro scale (zero error)'. "Positive zero error" refers to the fact that when the jaws of the micrometer are just closed, the reading is a positive reading away from the actual reading of 0.00mm. If the reading is 0.15mm, the zero error is referred to as +0.15mm. "Negative zero error" refers to the fact that when the jaws of the micrometer are just closed, the reading is a negative reading away from the actual reading of 0.00mm. If the reading is -0.09mm, the zero error is referred to as -0.09mm. CORRECT READING=ACTUAL READING-ZERO ERROR

MICROMETRE SCREW GAUGE

Metre Ruler
Measure length, distances, degree and determine straight lines. Also known as line gauge / rule. Sensitivity: 1mm Precautions when using the ruler
Make sure that the object is in contact with the ruler. Avoid parallax error. Avoid zero error and end error.

DESK RULER
measuring, drawing straight lines and as

guides when cutting with blades. Have measurement markings along each side; generally, inches are marked on one side and centimeters are marked on the other. Standard desk rulers measure 12 inches or 30 centimeters long. Manufactured from a number of different materials, such as wood, plastic or metal, and are available in clear or opaque varieties.

LINE GAUGE
used by printers that resemble desk rulers, but

are marked in points, picas, agates and inches. Line gauges are made of stainless steel and have engraved markings. Generally 72 picas or 11.952 inches long