The Human Digestive System

1. Give and explain the functions of the digestive system. 2. Name and give the functions of the different digestive organs. 3. Describe how some accessory organs and glands aid the body in the digestion process.

4. Explain the process of digestion.

Human Digestive System

How is food digested?

Digestion is the process of breaking down large and complex food substances into smaller,simple molecules. This molecules are soluble and can be absorbed by body cells. The digestive process occurs in a system which is called the digestive system.

 Human digestive system consists of:

Alimentary canal starting from mouth, ends at the anus Accessory organs pancreas, liver, gall bladder.

The flow of food during the digestive process.

Organs of digestion and their functions

Mouth The food in the mouth are cut up and grind into small pieces by the teeth. It will digest cooked starch. The amylase enzymes in the saliva change cooked starch to maltose. Starch
amylase

Maltose

Mouth

Oesophagus The oesophagus is a tube that pushes food from the mouth to the stomach by expanding and contracting its wall. This process of expansion and contraction is called peristalsis. There is no food digestion in the oesophagus.

Stomach
Produces gastric juices Gastric juices is acidic because it contains hydrochloric acid which kill the bacteria in the food. Gastric juice contains protease which breaks down proteins into amino acids.

Stomach

Duodenum
Food is mixed with bile and pancreatic juice in the duodenum. Bile breaks down fats into smaller droplets so they can be easily digested. Pancreatic juice contains three enzymes:
Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids Amylase breaks down starch into maltose Lipase breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol

Small Intestine
This part of the digestive tract is narrow, but very long - about 20 feet.

Small Intestine
In the ileum, food is mixed with intestinal juice which contains four enzymes: protease, maltase, sucrase and lactase protease breaks down proteins into amino acids Maltse, sucrase and lactase breaks down maltose, sucrose and lactose, respectively into glucose.

Large Intestine

Absorbs water from the undigested food

Rectum
Undigested food is formed into faeces

Anus
Small opening through which faeces pass out of the body

Pancreas

The pancreas, like the stomach, makes digestive juices called enzymes which help to digest food further as it enters the small intestines.

Gall Bladder
A small baglike part under the liver. It stores a fluid called bile, which is made in the liver. As food from a meal enters the small intestine, bile flows from the gall bladder along the bile duct into the intestine. It helps to digest fatty foods and also contains wastes for removal.

Liver
Blood from the intestines enters to the liver, carrying nutrients, vitamins and minerals, and other products from digestion.

 The end of product of digestion is given below:

Carbohydrates glucose Proteins amino acids Fats fatty acids and glycerol

Identify the organs of digestive system

THANK YOU