GAS LIFT DESIGN & OPTIMIZATION

JOHN MARTINEZ pa.amart@juno.com

GAS LIFT SEMINAR

GAS LIFT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT OPERATION GAS LIFT CONCEPT RESERVOIR DELIVERABILITY MULTIPHASE PRESSURE GRADIENTS DELIVERY AND OPTIMIZATION VALVE SPACING AND PRESSURIZING TROUBLESHOOTING

INJECTION PRESSURE OPERATED (IPO) VALVE

BELLOWS ASSEMBLY STEM WITH BALL TIP SEAT (ORIFICE OR PORT) CHECK ASSEMBLY PACKING

INJECTION PRESSURE OPERATED (IPO) VALVE FOR CASING FLOW

NITROGEN INSIDE BELLOWS TO CLOSE VALVE GAS PRESSURE OUTSIDE BELLOWS TO OPEN VALVE FLUID PRESSURE UNDER SEAT

PRODUCTION PRESSURE OPERATED (PPO) VALVE

SPRING AND/OR NITROGEN INSIDE BELLOWS TO CLOSE VALVE FLUID PRODUCTION PRESSURE OUTSIDE BELLOWS TO OPEN VALVE GAS PRESSURE UNDER SEAT

CHECK ASSEMBLY
CHECK WITH METAL AND ELASOMER SEAT LIGHT SPRING LOCATED BELOW THE SEAT (PORT)

LATCH
WIRELINE TOOLS INSTALL AND RETRIEVE LATCH AND VALVE POCKET LATCH PROFILE OR RIDGE HOLDS RING IN POSITION

SIDE POCKET MANDREL

MANDREL HAS A VALVE POCKET POCKET IS OFFSET FROM TUBING CENTERLINE VALVE INSTALLED AND REMOVED BY BY WIRELINE

MANDREL COMPONENTS
ORIENTING SLEEVE GUIDE POCKET LATCH PROFILE IN POCKET

VALVE INSTALLATION

VALVE IN THE WELL

PRESSURES EXPECTED IN THE WELL ARE USED TO SET THE VALVE PRESSURE THE VALVE JUST CLOSING IS A BALANCE POINT

VALVE IN THE TEST RACK

VALVE PRESSURES IN THE WELL ARE CONVERTED TO STANDARD TEMP AND USED TO CALCULATE THE SET PRESSURE THE VALVE JUST OPENING IS A BALANCE POINT

BELLOWS LOAD RATE

PROBE TEST STEM MOVEMENT VERSUS PRESSURE APPLIED METHOD TO CHECK VALVE FUNCTION

GAS PASSAGE
DYNAMIC FLOW TEST GAS RATE PASSAGE UPSTREAM GAS PRESSURE CONTROLS STEM MOVEMENT (IPO) FLUID PRESSURE EFFECT INCLUDED

DENSITY REDUCTION
INCREASE GASLIQUID RATIO INCREASE MIXTURE VELOCITY CHANGE FLOW REGIME REDUCE WELLHEAD PRESSURE

RESERVOIR DRAWDOWN
UNLOADING BEGINS THE DRAWDOWN PROCESS EACH DEEPER VALVE INCREASES DRAWDOWN EACH VALVE HAS A GRADIENT

UNLOADING
VALVES ALL OPEN WITH KILL FLUID IN WELLBORE AND GAS PRESSURE APPLIED GAS PASSES THROUGH FIRST AND JUST REACHES SECOND FIRST CLOSES WITH GAS RESTRICTED AT CHOKE

STEADY STATE PRODUCTION

WELL UNLOADS TO DEEP POINT FLUID FEEDS FROM RESERVOIR AS FAST AS IT CAN FLOW UP THE WELLBORE SEPARATOR, PIPING, AND RESERVOIR ARE IN EQUILIBRIUM

RESERVOIR DELIVERY
DARCY INFLOW VOGEL INFLOW PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP (IPR) FETKOVICH MULTIPLE RATE EQUATION

DARCY INFLOW
PI WELL TEST Q = PI (Pr - Pwf) DARCY EQUATION
0.00708 kh Q = ---------------------------- * (Pr - Pwf) uB (ln re/rw -0.75 + s)

EXAMPLE PROBLEM

VOGEL IPR
PI WELL TEST VOGEL EQUATION
Q/Qm = 1 - 0.2 (Pwf/Pr) - 0.8 (Pwf/Pr)2

EXAMPLE PROBLEM

VOGEL CURVE

FETKOVICH MULTIPLE RATE TESTS

MULTIPLE WELL TESTS FETKOVICH EQUATION
Q = C (Pr2 - Pwf2)n

EXAMPLE PROBLEM

MULTIPOINT DATA

MULTIPHASE GRADIENTS
MATCH MULTIPHASE GRADIENTS TO RESERVOIR INFLOW PERFORMANCE VALIDATE MULTIPHASE GRADIENTS WITH MEASURED PRESSURE DATA COMPARE TO GAS GRADIENTS USE FOR WELL ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION

MULTIPHASE GRADIENTS

OUTFLOW WHP

OUTFLOW WHP

OUTFLOW BHP

OUTFLOW BHP

OUTFLOW BHP - TBG SIZE

OUTFLOW BHP - TBG SIZE

GAS INJECTION PRESSURE, 0.7 SG

GAS INJECTION PRESSURE, 0.7 SG

GAS GRADIENTS

WELL DELIVERABILITY AND OPTIMIZATION

DELIVERABILITY vs INJECTION GAS LIQUID RATIO DELIVERABILITY vs DEPTH OF INJECTION OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE IS OBTAINED WHEN THE HIGHEST PRESSURE IS USED TO REACH THE DEEPEST POINT OF LIFT

OUTFLOW BHP vs IGLR

OUTFLOW BHP vs IGLR

PRODUCTION RATE vs IGLR

PRODUCTION RATE vs IGLR

INJ. PRESSURE REQUIRED

VALVE DESIGN
VALVE SPACING

SPACING FACTOR KILL FLUID GRADIENT GAS PRESSURE AT CLOSING MINIMUM FLUID PRESSURE PORT SELECTION & GAS PASSAGE UNLOADING TEMPERATURE

PRESSURE SETTING

SPACING METHOD
USE A DESIGN SPACING LINE

SURFACE POINT IS: Pd = Pwh + SF * (Pinj - Pwh) BOTTOM POINT IS: Pf at VALVE OPERATING POINT

USE THE GAS GRADIENT USE KILL FLUID GRADIENT AND SPACE VALVES BETWEEN THE TWO LINES (GAS AND DESIGN)

DESIGN - SPACING

DESIGN - SPACING

DESIGN - PRESSURE SETTING

DESIGN - PRESSURE SETTING

DESIGN - PRESSURE SETTING

TEMPERATURE CORRECTION

MEASURED GRADIENT DATA