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The types of evaporators are as follows : Jacketed batch pan evaporators Natural circulation evaporators Forced circulation evaporators Agitated thin film evaporators Horizontal tube evaporators Vertical tube evaporators Basket type evaporators
A flat-blade type vertical turbine agitator is located centrallywith a clearence of about 1mm or less from the wall. The agitator is driven by a driving system at the top The feed enters at the top of evaporating section and flows down the walls.While it moves down it is vapourised ,the concentrated liquid being discharged at the bottom of the evaporator. These evaporators are most versatile and are able to handle viscous,heat sensitive feeds. Expensive and need considerable maintainance.
The liquor which emerges from the heating element at high velocities is directed in the vapour drum ,where the vapour is separated from the liquid. The vapour drum may be either a separate drum or is located at the top of the tube bundle. Forced circulation may not be as economical in operation as natural convection evaporators,but they are necessary where the concentration problem involves a solution with poor flow charateristics.
A high temperature heating medium generally is necessary to obtain a reasonable evaporation rate. This is because heat transfer surface available is small as a direct result of its cylindrical configuration.