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Lysis or Lysogeny Lysis: Infection by phage produces many progeny and breaks open (lyses) the host bacterium Lysogeny: After infection, the phage DNA integrates into the host genome and resides there passively
No progeny No lysis of the host Can subsequently lyse (lysogeny)
UV Induction
Lysis
Lysogeny
Elements of lysogeny
The phage genome integrated into the host bacterial genome is a prophage. Bacterium carrying the prophage is a lysogen. Lysogens are immune to further infection by similar phage because the phage functions are repressed in trans. Induction of the lysogen leads to excision of the prophage, replication of the phage DNA, and lysis of the host bacterium.
Recombination
att int
Pint
tL1
Not to scale!
att
cI
cro
cII O P Q
SR
AJ
Pint
tL1
6S RNA N Cro
N
cI cro
N
cII O P Q SR AJ
int
Pint
tL1
PL
N protein
CIII Recombination proteins
Cro
CII Q protein
Replication proteins
Lytic cascade: Cro turns off cI, Q protein action leads to late gene expression
Cro
int gam red xis cIII N
Cro
Q
cII O P Q SR AJ
att
cI
cro
Pint
tL1
Cro
cI cro cII O P Q
Q
SR AJ
Pint
tL1
CIII
CII
att
int
cI
cro
cII O P Q
SR
AJ
tint Pint
tL1
Int
CI
Repressor
CI
att
int
cI
cro
cII O P Q
SR
AJ
Pint
tL1
CI
Repressor
cI cII cIII
Act in trans Virulent mutants (vir) Act in cis : are double mutants in oR &/or oL
oR1
PR
-10 GATAAT
N
TTAGAT 5 -10 ATAGAT 5 -35
cro
PRM
Repressor structure
l repressor is a dimer; monomer has 236 amino acids.
C-te rminal domain: prote in-prote in inte r action; dime rization and coope r ativ ity Conne ctor N-te rminus: DNA binding; He lix-Turn-He lix motif
ope rator
b-galactosidase
l repressor
b-galactosidase
l repressor
oR3
cro
RNA Pol
-10 -35
oR2
oR1
PRM
-35
= operator
-10 = promoter
Lysis:
Low [Cro] : binds OR3, shuts off PRM (cI) High [Cro] : shuts off PR and PL antitermination by Q + activation of PR by Cro
Lysogeny:
cII stimulate expression from PRE (cI repressor) and PINT (integrase) cIII stabilizes cII cI repressor shuts off PR, PL, PR (no lytic functions), stimulates PRM
A l lysogen Spontaneously, 1/1000 lysogens will induc e, i.e. th e l l prophage will excise , replicate and lyse the cell. + UV tre atment leads to induc tion of virtually all lysogens in a culture. Lyso gens areimmune to further infectio n with similar (lambdoid) phage