Transformers

Linear Circuit Theory

Naehyuck Chang
naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
 Mutual inductance
 Electrical isolation
 Mutual inductance, LM
 Coefficient of coupling, k
 The ratio of lines of force (flux) produced by coil 1 liking coil 2 to the
total flux produced by coil 1

1 2
k
1

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 Mutual inductance
 Formula for mutual inductance

LM  k L1 L2 ,
LM
k 1
L1 L2

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 The basic transformer
 Transformer
 Primary winding
 Secondary winding
 Core: air, ferrite and iron
 Air-core and ferrite-core
transformers
 High-frequency applications
 Iron-core transformers
 Audio frequency

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 The basic transformer

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 The basic transformer
 Turn ratio
N sec
n
N pri

 Direction of winding

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 Step-up/step-down transformers
 The ratio of secondary
voltage to primary voltage is Vsec N sec
equal to the ratio of the 
number of turns in the V pri N pri
secondary winding to the
number of turns in the
primary winding

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 Loading the secondary winding
 Primary power equals load
power
Ppri  V pri I pri I sec I sec

Psec  Vsec I sec I pri I pri
Psec  V pri I pri  Ppri
 Reflected load
 Reflected resistance

2
 N pri 
R pri    RL
 N sec 

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 Loading the secondary winding
 Transformer-coupled load
resistor of 100
 Reflected resistance?
 Reflected resistance with
600 RL?
 The primary winding is 40
turns and the secondary
winding is 1000 turns.
Reflected resistance?

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 Matching the load and source
resistance
 Power transfer from a
nominal voltage source to a
load
 Impedance matching with
reflected resistance

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 Matching the load and source
resistance
 Load matched to a source by transformer coupling for maximum
power transfer
 75 source and 300 load
 An amplifier with 800 internal resistance is going to be connected to
an 8 speaker. Turn ratio?
N sec RL
n 
N pri R pri

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 As an isolation device
 DC isolation

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 As an isolation device
 Power line isolation

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 Nonideal transformer characteristics
 Winding resistance
 Flux leakage
 Reduced secondary voltage
 Winding capacitance
 Power rating
 Apparent power rating
 Efficiency P 
   out 100%
 Pin 

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 Other types of transformers
 Center-tapped transformer

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 Other types of transformers
 Tapped transformers
 Impedance matching
transformers

 Multi-winding transformers

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 Other types of transformers
 Voltages of the
secondary windings?

 Autotransformers
 One winding serves
both the primary
and the secondary
 Stepping up and
down
 No electrical
isolation
 Smaller and lighter

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 DC power supply
 Basic
transformer-
coupled DC
power supply

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 DC power supply
 Use of center-tapped transformer
 Regulated DC power supply
 Design project
 Regulated DC power supply

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