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Dynamic range of a receiver
Ratio (db) of input power that causes the video output to
reach its maximum (saturation) level, to the lowest power
that produces a detectable input.
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min
max
log 10 . .
P
P
R D
Dynamic range of precipitation echoes
Ratio (db) of maximum echo power received from a very
intense storm close to the radar to the minimum power
received from the weakest cloud that can be detected at the
greatest range of interest.
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range far at cloud Little
storm close Big
P
P
R D log 10 . .
Dynamic range of a receiver
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min
max
log 10 . .
P
P
R D
Dynamic range of precipitation echoes
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range far at cloud Little
storm close Big
P
P
R D log 10 . .
WOULD LIKE THESE TO BE THE SAME!
watts P and watts P But
range far at cloud Little storm close Big
13 5
10 10
~ ~
db DR
precip
80 10
8
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Linear receivers:
Linear receivers: Output voltage is linear with input power
Single linear receivers
Typically have only half of
the dynamic range of
precipitation echoes, so two
receivers are often used in
tandem with automatic
switching depending on the
magnitude of the returned
signal
Receiver 1:
Strong echoes
Receiver 2:
Weak echoes
Other types of receivers:
Logarithmic and Square law receivers:
Output voltage is non-linear with input power
Have worse
resolution than
linear receivers
but cover full
dynamic range of
weather echoes
Additional components of radars
Power supplies: provide power
Servo amplifiers and/or drive motors: position antenna
Selsyns or potentiometers: measure angular coordinates of antenna
Waveguides, rotary joints, slip rings: transmit microwaves from
transmitter to antenna while antenna is rotating
Directional couplers: allow sampling of transmitted signal or to inject test
signals into receiver
Radomes: to protect antenna from weather and wind
Other electronic components