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PRESENTATION HIGHLIGHTS
SIMPLE RANKINE CYCLE (Condensing Turbine Type) NECESSITY OF VACUUM
As specific volume of steam is more than water, so when steam condenses after doing work in turbine, vacuum is created with some non-condensable gases.
As we know Enthalpy or Heat drop which is converted into mechanical work in turbine, is more at lower pressure (In case of HP,LP & LP turbines in a system,HP-23%,IP-34%,LP-43%).We get more work at lower pressure.
i.e. we need to create & maintain vacuum in order to have higher cycle efficiency which ultimately leads to less fuel consumption.
Latent Heat Addition in Evaporator (constt. Pressure) T E M P E R A T U R E Sensible heat Addition in Economizer+Regenerative FeedWater Heaters
Super Heating
ENTROPY
The heat rate of a power plant is the amount of chemical energy, in the fuel, that must be supplied to produce one unit of electrical energy(1 KWHr) Heat rate is expressed in kcal/kWhr HR = (input in kcal) / (output in kWhr) = (input in kcal) / (output in kcal/ 860) = 860 X (input / output) = 860 / efficiency
UNIT
TURBINE X BOILER
860/UNIT HR = 860/TURBINE HR X BOILER 1/UNIT HR = 1/TURBINE HR X BOILER UNIT HEAT RATE = TURBINE HR/BOILER EFFICIENCY
EFFECT OF SUPERHEAT
Superheating the steam to higher temperature without increasing the boiler pressure increases thermal efficiency. It also decreases the moisture content of the steam at the turbine exit.
LIMITATION AND SIDE EFFECTS : Lower limit is the saturation pressure corresponding to the temperature of cooling media. Creates possibility of Air Leakage into the condenser Increases moisture content of the steam at the final stages of turbine that decreases the turbine efficiency and causes erosion in turbine blades.
Parameters
Deviations
Additional Coal Per month (MT) 405 404.2 972 32.40 615.20
Additional Coal Cost per month (Lakhs) 2.46 2.46 5.91 0.20 3.74
Vacuum Partial Load Low FW Temperature FW Temp. at ECO. inlet Increase in MU Water consumption Drop in MS Temp. Drop in HRH Temp. Increase in RH Spray Rise in CW Temperature Drop in MS Pressure Rise in Flue gas exit temp.
5 mmHg 5% reduction One HP Heater out for 24 Hrs. 1 C 1% ( 6.71 T/Hr.) 1 C 1 C 5 T/Hr. 1 C 1 Ksc. 1 C
Ejector performance detoriorates due to its nozzle problem,its tube leakage,These can be checked during O/H. CW CHEMICAL DOZING
Chlorination Controlling Microbiological fouling Filtration Prevention of fouling of heat transfer surface. Sulfuric acid Regulation of pH Inhibitors Protection of Metal from Steel/Copper corrosion. Antiscalent Precipitation of Alkaline earth salts Antifoulant Retarding deposition of corrosion products.
MICRO ORGANISMS
Bacteria, algae & fungi present in cooling water circuit decreases the efficiency of heat transfer in cooling tower and condensers. Chlorine is the most widely used chemical in industry as oxidizing agent for destruction and dissolution of microorganisms. Chlorination is effective when cooling water pH is between 6 and 7 When COC increases above recommended value,blow-down is to be done in the CW return line header(Hot Duct) as per chemistry guidance.Blow-down helps in maintaining the concentrations of alkaline salts like Ca,Mg in CW waters,which are responsible for scaling of condenser water tubes.
CONDENSER FLOOD TEST (M/C Off-Load) STEAM PRESSURISATION TEST (M/C Off-Load)
The Helium Leak Detection Test is new method based on helium acting as tracer gas that allows an easy and quick location of leaks. The use of helium is advantageous because it is a nontoxic, nonflammable, relatively inexpensive and quickly diffuses through small leaks.
Helium is sprayed at the point where leak is to be checked by means of portable unit which has facility of helium spray. If there is any ingress inside condenser, Helium will also enter with air which is displayed in Helium Test Gen.
CONDENSER FLOOD TEST & STEAM PRESSURISATIONTEST Condenser flood test is done by filling DM water in condenser shell side upto neck-joint and water leakage is checked ( if any). Standard procedure should be followed for Condenser flood test Steam pressurizations test is done by pressurizations of condenser by steam leakage is checked ( if any) Standard procedure should flow for Condenser steam pressurizations test
ANY QUESTIONS/SUGGESTIONS