PRECURSORS OF PETROCHEMICALS

PRECURSORS

PETROCHEMICAL

A reactive material usually made by breaking down larger molecules

Chemicals that are produced from petroleum. Can also be made from natural gas and coal.

Carbon Black Acetylene

Vinyl chloride Acrylonitrile Acetaldehyde

Methane Ethylene Propylene Butylene Benzene Toluene Xylene

Methyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol Ethylene oxide Isopropyl alcohol Ethyl benzene Polypropylene Butadiene Maleic anhydride Phenol Benzaldehyde

Naphthalene Coke

Benzoic acid Phthalic anhydride

LIGHT DISTILLATES

INTERMEDIATE DISTILLATES

HEAVY DISTILLATES

RESIDUES

These includes: Aviation Gasoline Automobile Gasoline Naphthas Petroleum Solvents Jet-fuel Kerosene

Gasoline
- the most important product, 45 percent of crude processed ends up as gasoline and end up as. (e.g . Avgas and Mogas).

Naphthas
- among the lightest and most volatile fractions of the liquid hydrocarbons in petroleum. Applied to materials with boiling ranges between gasoline and kerosene. (e.g. VM&P solvent, dry cleaning solvents, rubber solvent, camp fuel, JP-4 fuel).

Kerosene
- used to power jet engines of aircraft (jet fuel) and some rocket engines, but is also commonly used as a cooking and lighting fuel and for fire toys such as poi.

These includes:
Gas oil Light and heavy domestic furnace oils Diesel fuels Other distillates

Gas oil
- gas oil or 'red diesel' can be used for heating or automotive applications, where it is called 'diesel fuel.

Light and Heavy domestic furnace oils Diesel fuels

- Use as car fuel without spark plug.

These are converted into:

Lubricating oil Heavy oils for a variety of fuel uses Waxes Cracking stocks

Lubricating oil
-A lubricant is a substance introduced to reduce friction between moving surfaces

Refined wax
-is used industrially, primarily for treating paper, especially for milk cartons.

Heavy oils
- used for bunker fuel for ships, in large stationary power plants and as a cracking stock.

Includes:
Asphalt Residual fuel oil Coke Petrolatum Greases

Asphalt
- road-paving material, for waterproofing structures, and roofing material.

Petroleum coke
-used to make electrodes.

Petrolatum
- also known as petroleum jelly.

TEL and TML Alkylates and Reformates Organophosphates Antioxidants Detergents Additional information: Cetane number- measure of fuel quality. Octane number- a measure of suitability of a fuel for high compression engines.