PLANE and SOLID MENSURATION

Definition Of Mensuration.
Topic dealing with the use of formulae to calculate Perimeters, Areas and Volumes of plain shapes and solid figures.

Surface Area and Volume of Solids

Solid: Geometric figure in three dimensions Surface Area: Total area of all the surfaces of a solid shape or prism Volume: This is the space occupied by a solid shape or prism

Cube and Cuboid

Cube
Total Surface Area = 6 x L L Remember : Area of one face = L

L L

Volume = L3

Example 1
The sides of a cube are 5cm long. Find, (a) Its total surface area, (b) Its volume.
5cm

5cm

5cm

Answers:
1.(a). T.S.A = 6 x L = 6 x 5 = 150cm (b) V = L = 5x5x5 = 125cm

Task 1
The faces of a cube are 10cm long. Find, (a) Its total surface area, (b) Its volume.

Answers:
(a) T.S.A. = 6 X 10 = 600cm (b) V = 10x10x10 = 1000cm

Cube and Cuboid

Cuboid
Total Surface Area = 2( l b + b h +lh) Remember: Area of first pair = lb x2=2lb
h b l

Area of second pair

=bhx2=2bh
Area of third pair = l hx2=2lh

Volume =l x b x h, i.e. V = l b h

Example 2
A box has length 15cm, breadth 7cm and height 8cm. Find, (a) Its total surface area,

(b) Its volume.

Answers:
2. (a) T.S.A.=2 [ (15 X 7) + (7 X 8) + (15 X 8) ] =2 (105 + 56 + 120 ) =2 X 281 =562cm2 (b) V = 15 x7x8 = 105 x 8 = 840cm3

Task 2
A cuboid is 4cm long, 2cm broad and 3cm high. Calculate, (a) Its total surface area, (b) Its volume.

Answers:
(a) T.S.A. =2 [ (4X2) + (2X3) + (4X3) ] = 2( 8+6+12 ) = 2 X 26 = 46cm2

(b) V = 4X2X3 = 24cm3

Triangular Prism
REMEMBER: A prism is an object with the same cross section length (L). Area of crosssection x length (L) i.e, V = A X L, where A = (bh). L in some cases is considered as h = height.

VOLUME:

HINT:

T. S. A (Total Surface Area) = Area of the 2 triangles + Area of the 2 equal rectangles + Area of the third rectangle (down).

Example 3
A prism has a base in form of an isosceles triangle with the two equal sides of 5cm each and the third side of 8cm long; the height of the prism is 12cm. Calculate, (a) the volume of the prism, (b) the total surface area of the prism.
5cm 5cm 8cm

12cm

X
4cm 4cm

Answers:
3. (a) V = Area of base x height Hint: First find X = height of base triangle (isosceles) i e, By Pythagoras Theorem, 5 = 4 + x x = 5 - 4 By completing the square, x = 5 - 4 x = 25 16 x = 9 x =3cm Base area = x 8 x3 =12cm Therefore, Volume = Base Area x height = 12 x 12 = 144cm

.
(b) T. S. A. = Area of the 2 triangles + Area of the 2 equal rectangles + Area of the third rectangle Solving 1: A = 2 ( x 8 x 3) = 2 x 12 = 24cm Solving 2: A =2 (12 x 5) = 2 x 60 = 120cm Solving 3: A = 12 x 8 = 96cm Therefore, T. S. A. = 24 + 120 + 96 = 240cm