PRESENTED BY : RICHA TRIPATHI MSME 4TH YEAR

REFRACTORY APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY

IRON AND STEEL

The different areas of the steel manufacturing processes are exposed to different temperatures, slag and sulphur gases. Preferential wear in the hot spots and at the slag line is reduced by careful material selection. Steel industry use refractory for diverse applications: Blast Furnace Coke Ovens Torpedo Ladles Basic Oxygen Furnace Electric Arc Furnace Twin Hearth Furnace Energy Optimizing Furnace Secondary Refining Ladles Stainless Steel Vessels Slide Gate Refractories Purging Refractories Tundish Refractories Induction Furnace Basic refractory of magnesia constitute the most important group of refractories for the steelmaking processes.

COPPER INDUSTRY
Smelting Process and The Converter

In copper industry, Direct Bonded Magnesia Chrome Brick is the most popular choice worldwide. The slag composition is normally high in Fe2O3 and SiO2, both of which attack magnesia in the refractory to form magnesio-ferrite, and Forsterite, whilst the sulphur present in the vapor phase also attacks magnesia to form magnesium sulphate.
Anode Furnace

There is little slag present in the Anode furnace, but the refractory lining is in contact with highly penetrative molten copper and cuprous oxide. The working environment of the Anode furnace demands chrome magnesite material with high hot strength to minimize copper penetration

ALUMINUM INDUSTRY
Refractories in Aluminum industry are commonly utilized

in several equipment's like Anode Baking Furnaces Melting / Holding Furnaces Induction Furnaces Reduction Pots Ladles and Launders The special requirements for refractories in Aluminum industry are Resistance to Carbon/Aluminum penetration High Strength High Corrosion resistance

 Light Insulating Bricks - Generally these are Calcium

Silicate bricks that are used in the shell lining

Ordinary Refractory Bricks - Ordinary Refractory Bricks are

Alumina Silicate bricks.

Silicon Carbide slabs / Sidewall Blocks - Silicon Carbide or

Silicon nitride boards are bonded with silicon carbide and must have resistance to corrosion by liquid aluminium and fluorinated products.
Refractory Concrete having High Alumina Cement Ceramic fibres for sealing cathode block bars.

CEMENT INDUSTRY
In cement industry, the kiln, the preheating system operate in a vey high temperature range and therefore lined with refractories to protect steel structure against heat, abrasion and chemical attack. The cement kiln clinker area is usually provided with Dolomite refractories it is the most compatible material with the cement kiln clinker as it provides excellent coating stability, has very good resistance to thermal shock and alkali attack in varying kiln operating conditions. The Transition zone / Preheat zone / Preheater , Precalinator areas are usually provided with Magnesia-Alumina spinel

GLASS INDUSTRY
The important characteristics of the refractories in these areas are High Alkali Vapor Resistance High hot strength High Corrosion Resistance The bonded refractories are utilized in melter, refiner, regenerator, doghouse and ports of furnace. Zirconia is useful refractory material for glass furnaces primarily since it is not easily wetted by molten glass and because of its low reaction with them.

Refractory lining of a furnace arch

Refractory concretes

Refractory walls of a furnace interior with burner blocks

Calcium silicate sections Carbon Refractories

Glass Mineral wool

Carbon blocks

Nozzles

REFRACTORY METAL COATINGS

Thin- and thick-wall (<0.010.125") crucibles fabricated at Ultramet by chemical vapor deposition

REFRACTORY METAL COATINGS

Microstructure of black rhenium coating showing pyramidal dendrites formed by chemical vapor deposition

Solid rhenium solar thermal engines fabricated by Ultramet for NASA Marshall under the Shooting Star program. Engines are supported by 80% porous rhenium structural foam