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P = r P
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
Method:2
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
Method:3
L
z
=(xP
y
-yP
x
)k =
0
0
y x
p p
y x
k j i
Angular momentum
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
Angular momentum of a sliding block: A block of mass m
sliding freely in the x-direction with a velocity V = Vi as shown
below. What is the angular momentum L
A
about A and its
angular momentum L
B
about the origin B?
About the origin A:
Angular momentum:
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
About origin B:
r
B
= xi lj
L
B
= mr
B
X V
L
B
=
L
B
= mlv k
L depends on the choice of the origin.
Angular momentum
0 0
0
v
l x
k j i
, , F, = ,r, , F
,
The direction of torque will be perpendicular to both r and F.
Given by the Right Hand Rule.
Torque depends on the origin we choose, whereas force not.
Both are always perpendicular to each other.
Torque (t):
z y x
F F F
z y x
k j i
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
There can be a torque on a system with zero net force and
there can be force with zero net torque as shown below.
Torque is the rate of change of angular momentum.
Toque:
dt
dL
=
dt
dL
=
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
A small block of mass m sliding in the X direction with velocity V = Vi.
When the block slows down because of frictional force
f = -fi, find the torque on the block about B.
L
B
= mr
B
X V = mlV k, which is constant if v is const.
hence torque about B is ZERO, if there is no friction.
when friction is present,
t
B
= r
B
X f = - lf k
t = can also be used
Torque on a sliding block:
dt
dL
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
Torque on conical pendulum
About A: T is the tension in the string. For uniform circular
motion, T coso - Mg = 0
the total force on the bob is radially
inward F = -T sino
The torque about A is t
A
= r
A
X F = 0
since r
A
and F are both in the dir.
hence = 0 and so L
A
= constant.
r
r
dt
dL
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
About B: t
B
= r
B
X F
, t
B
, = l coso F = l coso T sino
= Mgl sino (since,T coso = Mg)
The direction of t
B
is tangential to the
line of motion of M.
t
B
= Mgl sino
where is the unit tangential vector
in the plane of motion.
t
B
t
B
Torque on conical pendulum:
e
=
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
(a) When the stick is released, there are
TWO forces acting on it, gravity at the
midpoint and the normal force at point B.
Using B as origin, , clockwise.
(b)
mg
=
2
2
2
m
= I =
3
m 3
2 3 2
B
mg g
o o
o o = =
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
(c)
(d) Vertical force at B =
3g 3g
a = r = . =
2 2 4
3mg mg
mg -
4 4
=
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
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Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
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Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
Dr. G. Amaranath, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus