Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Suresh R. Borkar Adjunct Faculty !e"t o# $C$ %ll %nstt. o# &ech. suresh'o(hot)ail.co) A"r *4 +,,1
C!1A
Code !ivision 1ulti"leDing 'ased access
EF!1
Erthogonal FreFuency !ivision 1ulti"leDing
!"A#$!"A
$re&'enc( !%,ain
...
Circ'it
Circ'it
Circ'it
C!"A
t $re&. Chips
%%%
"essage
Res'lting Signal
ChanneliGation codeH Se"arate D)issions #ro) a single source #ro) each other Scra)'ling codeH se"arate di##erent sources #ro) each other S"reading Code I ChanneliGation code D Scra)'ling code
rans,itted s(,/%l received signal at each ti,e dela( "%di2ied )ith the channel esti,ate c%,/ined s(,/%l
dela( e&'ali9er
S-" 6 6 S-" :
c%de generat%r
"atched 2ilter
Based on use o# %FF& and FF& FreFuency orthogonality as co)"ared to code orthogonality in
C!1A using Walsh Code
3G Services
2">9
vide% c%n2erencing
radi% paging
,essaging
"%/ile radi%
We' A""lications
%n#or)ation "ortals Wireless 1arku" =anguage 3W1=4 .ith signals using Wireless A""lication 2rotocol 3WA24
11
CA1$= I %0 K Service "orta'ility 3incl )o'ility and roa)ing4 Cirtual 2rivate 0et.ork 3C204
B 1o'ile user @;A %S2 @;A cor"orate server B 1o'ility Security Ca"acity and Fuality
2re"aid 5sage =i)itations Advanced Routing Services Cirtual ?o)e $nviron)ent 3C?$4
B Su'scri'er "ro#ile charging in#or)ation Service in#or)ation nu)'ering in#or)ation B %ntegration o# array o# services content conversion to heterogeneous services net.ork user "ro#ile location a.are services
GS1 0et.ork
SC2
2S&0>%S!0
SS2 S&2 %0
gs) SCF
HLR AuC
ISUP
Gw-MSC
S E, I UP
C, D
Call
VLR
MSC
GSM 04.08 A
BSS
5$
Circuit domain
13
GS1 L G2RS
SC2
2S&0>%S!0
SS2 S&2 %0
gs) SCF
HLR AuC
%2 Services
Gi Gc
2!0
ISUP
Gw-MSC
S E, I UP
GGSN
C, D
CGw
Ga Gr
Ga Gn
Call
MSC
A Gb
SGSN
GSM 04.08+
BSS
5$
Circuit domain
Pac et domain
14
WC!1A>51&S
2S&0>%S!0 ISUP
SC2
%2 Services
2!0 Gi+
Gc+
Gw-MSC
I E+, SU P
Call
VLR
3G-MSC
Iu!c" Iu!#"
3G-SGSN
GSM 04.08++
GSM 04.08++
5&RA0
5$
Circuit domain
Pac et domain
15
1o'ility
$!G$
CS !ata FaD
51&S
+o, 7stati%nar(8 ;C6 14C4 16C0 G+RS >SCS! 354C0 D!GD -" S 2 "/#s
16
3G Dv%l'ti%n
+.<G
GSM HSCSD 15.2 k !" )DMA CD#D '3.2 k !" #DA+#DC-# 1'.' k !" G#RS 1$% k !" &DG& '$3 k !" &DG& #(2 GRAN '$3 k !" )D-SCDMA 2*' k !" WCDMA ,DD 2 M !" CDMA2%%% 13 3%$ k!" H8!erLAN2 5' M !" 7&&& *%2.11 0+( 5' M !" )D-SCDMA #( 2 2 M !" WCDMA )DD 2 M !" WCDMA HSD#A 1% M !"
3.<G
14&V-D1 5HDR6 2.' M !" 14&V-DV 5HDR6 5.' M !" H0r/9ni:e. H8!erLAN2 An. 7&&& *%2.110
Re;< H9nk0"0l9 et 0l= WCDMA 0n. WLAN ;9r 3G 0n. Be89n.= 7&&& Wirele"" C9//uni-0ti9n= A!r 2%%2 SRB 041406 ver1
15
3G WC!"A
Release 66 Release 4 Release < !o)ains 2rotocols and Channels Radio Resource 1anage)ent 0et.ork !i)ensioning and E"ti)iGation Nuality o# Service 3NoS, and =ocation Services
Release ;;
Radio Bearer 0egotiations &ra##ic Classes Co)"leD Scra)'ling S"eech Codec 3eight4 Ada"tive 1ulti Rate 3A1R4 Battery =i#e &rans)ission 9s"atial>antenna: diversity Co)"ressed 1ode 1easure)ents in )ulti"le #reFuency 5se o# trans)ission ti)e reduction techniFues O 2!2 ConteDts "er %2 Address N2SMJ coherent detectionJ Rake receiver Short and =ong S"reading Codes 1ulticall several si)ultaneous CS calls .ith dedicated 'earers o# inde"endent tra##ic and "er#or)ance characteristics Custo)iGed A""lication #or 1o'ile net.ork $nhanced =ogic 3CA1$=4 2hase 3
A lot to go''le
20
Release 4
Bearer %nde"endent Core 0et.ork &ande) Free E"eration 3&FE4 &ranscoder Free E"eration
3&rFE4 and Eut o# Band &ranscoder Control 3EoB&C4 =o. Chi" Rate &!! E"eration 0et.ork Assisted Cell Change F!! Re"eater 0odeB SynchroniGation #or &!! %2v- "acket s.itched net.ork su""orting 'oth real ti)e and non;real ti)e tra##ic Session %nitiated 2rotocol 3S%24 re"lacing SSP
?o)e Su'scri'er Server 3?SS4 1SC>C=R ;A 1SC server 3)o'ility )anage)ent4 and 1GW
3Connection )anage)ent su'tasks4
Release 5
%2 &rans"ort in 5&RA0 ?igh S"eed !o.nlink 2acket Access 3?S!2A4 3u"to *, 1'"s4 %ntra !o)ain Connection to 1ulti"le C0 0odes 3%u#leD4 %2 1ulti)edia C0 Su'syste) 3%1S4 9Guaranteed: $nd to $nd 3$+$4 NoS in the 2S do)ain Glo'al &eDt &ele"hony Su""ort #or Real &i)e Services in "acket do)ain CA1$= 2hase 4
22
>S!+A
2eak !ata rate A *, 1'"s Sa)e s"ectru) 'y 'oth voice and data
5" to *+ s"reading codes #or ?igh S"eed !SC? 3?S;!SC?4 Fast link Ada"tation Both code and ti)e division #or channel sharing
%ncre)ental Redundancy or chase co)'ining 3C?4 0e. !2CC?+ in u"link "ri)arily #or ?ARN channel state in#o
23
WC!"A !%,ains
>%,e 0et)%r* !%,ain >?u@ C' -' 6' >Au@
Serving 0et)%r* !%,ain -S6" !%,ain "%/ile D&'ip,ent !%,ain -ser D&'ip,ent !%,ain Access 0et)%r* !%,ain C%re 0et)%r* !%,ain 6n2rastr'ct're !%,ain
!ata Bearer7s8
25
Du!li-0ti9n 0C9i.0n-e GC Nt DC
+/
-9ntr9l RRC #DC#
BuS 9un.0r8
+/$22C
#DC#
+0$PDCP
BMC
+0$&MC
RLC RLC
RLC
RLC
+0$2+C
+0$MAC
)r0n"!9rt C(0nnel"
#HA
+1
26
WC!"A Channels
E%gical Channels C%ntr%l BCC> ra22ic ! C>
+CC>
!CC>
CCC>
S>CC>
C C>
"ac
A/
Ac#sh
Ad
ransp%rt Channels
$AC>
RAC>
-E C+C> !SC>
!edicated !C>
+h(sical Channels
+RAC>
+C+C>
+!SC>
!+!C>
!+CC>
&rans"ort ChannelsH ho. in#or)ation trans#erred over the radio inter#ace =ogical ChannelsH &y"e o# in#or)ation trans#erred over the radio inter#ace
21
RAC>
C+C>
!C>
ransp%rt Channels
+C>
BC>
$AC>
!SC>
!C>
+RAC>
+C+C>
!+!C> !+CC>
+CC+C>
SCC+C>
0 to 1
25
!edicated channels !C> B%th Acc%rding t% ,a=, /it rate 4es 4es "edi', %r large data a,%'nts
0%
Shared channels C+C> !SC> -SC> -plin* !%)nlin* -plin*F %nl( in !! $i=ed $i=ed $i=ed C%des C%des c%des per c%des per c%des per shared shared cell cell cell /t) 'sers /t) 'sers 0% 0% 4es 4es 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% S,all S,all S,all %r "edi', "edi', data data ,edi', %r large %r large a,%'nts a,%'nts data data data a,%'nts a,%'nts a,%'nts 4es 4es 4es 4es 4es
30
4 4
-D1
0%deB -D2
5"link and do.nlink 3*<,, ?G4 E"en =oo" 2o.er Control Closed =oo" 2o.er Control Euter =oo" 2o.er Control $Fual E""ortunity Ad)inistration 3$EA4
31
WC!"A >and%vers
sect%r 1
he sa,e signal is sent 2r%, /%th sect%rs t% -D
So#ter
4 R0C 4
sect%r 2
So#t
4 4
R0C
,acr% diversit( c%,/ining in 'plin*
0%deB1 4 4
he sa,e signal is sent 2r%, /%th 0%deBHs t% -DF e=cept 2%r the p%)er c%ntr%l c%,,ands
0%deB2
?ard and %nter;#reFuency handovers %ntersyste) cell;reselection 9$Fuivalent 2=10 )ode: 3autono)ous cell re;selection 3"acket4 idle )ode4
32
>and%ver Alg%rith,
33
!i)ensioning
=ink 'udget ca"acity 3hard and so#t4 and load #actor $sti)ation o# average inter#erence "o.er Coverage end Eutage "ro'a'ilities
E"ti)iGation
2er#or)ance ReFuire)ents Antenna adjust)ents neigh'or lists scra)'ling codes
Strea,ing ,'lti,edia
Bu
S23C
SM+C
UE B/
&%S +MU +MU D- 0ltern0tiCe -E t'#e &
MSC
Lg
Le G0tew08 M+C L-
A i"
L"
t'#e A GE2A3
SM+C )"mSC4
L! SM+C
Cell %! 'ased E'served &i)e !i##erence Arrival %dle 2eriod !o.nlink 3E&!EA;%2!=4 0et.ork Assisted G2S Qou can run 'ut you cannot hide
36
2ri)arily Cellular 3WA04 .ith distinct =A0s8J need a ne. =i)itations in a""lying recent advances in s"ectrally )ore
e##icient )odulation sche)es video and data
-pc%,ing
3.< G
$volved radio %nter#ace %2 'ased core net.ork
4G
0e. Air %nter#ace Cery high 'it rate services Convergence o# Wireline Wireless and %2 .orlds
40
2S&0>%S!0
,,,, email IP
lic at io n
"e rv er "
%nternet>%ntranet>%S2
IP 4ire,all
2S&0>%S!0
CSCF
1GCF
SGW
IP
1GW 1RF
R0C Iub
Iur
0RB
U%2A3
41
sche)es advanced )ulti;antenna technologies and signaling o"ti)iGation %nstantaneous "eak != *,, 1'>s and 52 <, 1'>S .ithin +, 1?G s"ectru) Control "lane latency o# @ *,, )s 3ca)"ed to active4 and @ <, )s 3dor)ant to active4 A +,, users "er cell .ithin < 1?G s"ectru) S"ectru) #leDi'ility #ro) *.+< 1?G to +, 1?G $li)inate 9dedicated: channelsJ avoid )acro diversity in != 1igrate to.ards EF!1 in != and SC;F!1A in 5= Su""ort voice services in the "acket do)ain Ada"tive 1odulation and Coding using Channel Nuality %ndicator 3CN%4 )easure)ents
42
G+RS C%re
S3 S4 S1
+CR$
R=J
- RA0
""D -+D
S5
S6
6nter AS Anch%r
Gi
S%'rce. )))C3gppC%rg
43
Radio Router
Bringing %2 to the 'ase station
S)art Antennas
5niFue s"atial )etric #or each trans)ission
45
4G 0et)%r*s Advances
Sea)less )o'ility 3roa)ing4
Roa) #reely #ro) one standard to another %ntegrate di##erent )odes o# .ireless co))unications indoor net.orks 3e.g. .ireless =A0s and Bluetooth4J cellular signalsJ radio and &CJ satellite co))unications *,, 1'>se #ull )o'ility 3.ide area4J * G'it>s lo. )o'ility 3local area4 %2;'ased co))unications syste)s #or integrated voice data and video %2 RA0 E"en uni#ied standards Strea) Control &rans)ission 2rotocol 3SC&24 Successor to 9SSP:J re"lace)ent #or &C2 1aintain several data strea)s .ithin a single connection Service =ocation 2rotocol 3S=24 Auto)atic resource discovery 1ake all net.orked resources dyna)ically con#igura'le through %2;'ased service and directory agents
46
@e( Challenges
S"ectral $##iciencies
Challenge Shannon8s #unda)ental la. o# data co))unications 3BW Sig>0o4 ?ard.are FreFuency Synthesis techniFues es". #or FreFuency ?o" 3F?4 syste)s &ra##ic characteristics )anage)ent 3'urstiness directionality4
0o "ain no gain
45
4;
1anage $ntro"y
50
S%'rce. http.##)))C,%/ilein2%Cc%,#3G#4GIC%,,S(ste,ArticleCht,
52
S%'rce. http.##)))C,%/ilein2%Cc%,#3G#4GIC%,,S(ste,ArticleCht,
53
%2
WWA0
W1A0
54
55
56
4G $%r',s
Wireless World Research Foru) 3WWRF4 in $uro"e 0eDt;Generation %nternet 30G%4
=ed 'y and #ocused on 5S Fed Agencies 3!o! !o$ 0ASA 0%? etc.4 ?igh 2er#or)ance net.orksH vB0S 30SF4 0R$0 30ASA4 !R$0 3!o!4 $Snet 3!o$4
%nternet+
5S 5niversities %nitiated Focus on Giga'it>sec 2oints o# 2resence 3giga2o2s4
51
S',,ar(
1o'ile %ntelligent %nternet and )ulti )edia a""lications Sea)less Roa)ing su'stantially high and selecta'le user
'and.idth custo)iGed NoS %ntelligent and res"onsive user inter#ace 1o'ile %2 Radio Routers s)art Antennas Continued advances and challenges #ro) *G ;A 4G 1odulation techniFues transreceiver advances #ast )ani"ulations user inter#aces %2 tunelling and #ire.alls S"ectru) usage regulatory decisions 9one: standard authentication and security )ulti disci"linary co;o"eration 2acking so )uch intelligence in s)aller and s)aller "hysical s"ace es". 5ser $Fui")ent 35$4
%2 K W2A0 K W=A0 K W1A0 K WWA0 K any other stragglers I 4G %2 in the sky .ith dia)onds
55
Back;u"
5;
A"+S ACS D ACS 0" 450 0" ;00 CA450 R "S Radi%c%, 2000 0 N ACS # 0 ACS
-SA D'r%pe -@ D'r%pe D'r%pe Ger,an( +%rt'gal 6tal( $rance Napan Napan
60
56;A5;4 564A565 562A566 1500A1;00 524A54; $!! !! !! !! 200 1250 100 1000 1125
$re&'enc( Assign,ent +%)er C%ntr%l "S 4 BS 4 Speech ?SDE+ C%ding Speech rate 7*/ps8 1C;5 Channel Bit 45C6 Rate 7*/ps8 Channel 1#2 rate C%ding c%nv%l'ti%n
G"S@ $i=ed
G$S@ !(na,ic
G$S@ !(na,ic
G$S@ !(na,ic
4 4 R+DAE +
0 0 A!+C"
0 0 A!+C"
0 0 A!+C"
32 12 CRC
32 640 CRC
32 1152
210C533 1225C5 1#2 rate 1#2 rate 0%ne c%nv%l'ti%n 2%r)ardF 1#3 rate reverseF CRC
61
51&S;WC!1A O0%H Bac*)ard C%,pati/ilit( Cell Sites n%t s(nchr%ni9ed Dach cell site )ith di22erent scra,/ling c%de 2%r spreading C%,ple= s%2t >and <ver Scra,/ling c%de 35F400 chipsQ 2ra,e %2 10 ,s <?S$ C%des
C!1A+,,, Bac*)ard c%,pati/ilit( )ith C!"A<ne Cell sites s(nchr%ni9ed thr'H G+S ti,ing AdPacent cell sites 'se di222erent ti,e %22set %2 sa,e scra,/ling c%de 2%r spreading Si,ple S%2t >and <ver +re'd% Rand%, 7+08 se&'ence %2 length 15 2 A 1 chipsQ peri%d %2 26C61 ,sQ di22erent site %22set %2 64 chips Walsh C%des
62
Signaling Services
C+
6+ +++
EAC
=AC 2rotocol
0'll EAC
"AC
"'ltiple=ing
NoS Control
+h(sical Ea(er
63
-ni&'e t% cd,a2000
D'r%pe
6" A2000 -E 6" A2000 !E
+>S
Napan
6SA;5 !E 6" A2000 -E 6" A2000 !E
@%rea
+CS#!E
+CS#-E
1500
1550
1;00
1;50
2050
2100
2150
64
CM MM RRC RRC RLC RANA# MAC G.223%.1 #(8-u! ALCA# ,# #HA #HA AAL2 AAL5 A)M #HA AAL5 AAL5 AAL5 A)M #HA AAL2 AAL2 AAL5 A)M #HA AAL5 NBA# NBA# ALCA# #(8-u! 7u B# G.215%.1 M)#3 SCC# M)#3B
CM MM
C1D&C
MAC
RLC
B&
N9.e B
RNC
C9re
65
Bu
7u
7u-!"
S" G"" RRC REC "ACAcd +>4A'p +>4 C!"A +>4 C!"A $+ AECA+ 0BA+ SSSAR SAAE SAAE AAE2 AAE5 AAE5 A " +>4
RRC REC "ACAcd +>4A'p 0BA+ AECA+ $+ SAAE SAAE SSSAR AAE5 AAE5 AAE2 A " +>4
-D#" D
0<!D B
R0C
SGS0
66
Bu
6+ +!C+ REC "AC +>4A'p $+ +>4 C!"A +>4 C!"A AAE2 AECA+ SAAE
7u
7u-!"
A " +>4
-D#" D
0<!D B
R0C
SGS0
61
L2
L2
#HA
#HA
L1
L1
L1
L1
Uu
Iub
Iur
65
6"S Architect're
?o)e
>SS SACSC$ 6ACSC$
<ther 6+#6"S net)%r*
%1S
- RA0
SGS0 GGS0
+ACSC$
Serving 2S do)ain
6;
Standards
%$$$ 7,+.**a and 'H Wireless =A0 3WiFi4 %$$$ 7,+.*<H Wireless 2A0 3Bluetooth4 %$$$ 7,+.*-d and eH Wireless 1A0 3Wi1AB4 %S;4*H %nter;syste)s o"eration 3&%A>$%A;4*4 %S;<4H *st Gen 35S4 &!1AJ - users "er 3, M?G channel %S;77H C!1A %S;6*H Analog Callular air inter#ace %S;63H Wireless to 2S&0 %nter#ace %S;6<H &%A #or C!1A 35S4 3Cd)aone4 %S;*+4H Call detail and 'illing record %S;*3-H +nd Genr &!1A 3&!1A control channel4 %S;-3PH C!1A Short 1essage Service 3S1S4 %S;P<-H &%A #or Wireless 0et.ork 2orta'ility 3W024 %S;+,,,H cd)a+,,, air inter#ace 3#ollo. on to &%A>$%A 6<;B4
10
Gl%ssar(
3G++.3G +artnership +r%Pect AAA.A'thenticati%nF A'th%ri9ati%nF Acc%'nting A"R.Adaptive "'lti Rate 7Speech C%dec8 A0S6.A,erican 0ati%nal Standards 6nstit'te AR6B.Ass%ciati%n %2 Radi% 6nd'stries and B'sinesses 7Napan8 BRA0.Br%ad/and Radi% Access 0et)%r* 7>4+DREA0 28 2C5 "/ps CA"DE.C'st%,i9ed Applicati%n 2%r "%/ile Dnhanced E%gic C!"A.C%de !ivisi%n "'ltiple Access CW S. China Wireless elec%,,'nicati%ns Standards gr%'p 7China8 DC"A.D'r%pean C%,p'ter "an'2act'rers Ass%ciati%n D!GD.Dnhanced !ata 2%r GS" Dv%l'ti%n D S6.D'r%pean elec%,,'nicati%ns Standards 6nstit'te $!!.$re&'enc( !ivisi%n !'ple= $!"A.$re&'enc( !ivisi%n "'ltiple Access GGS0.Gate)a( G+RS S'pp%rt 0%de G"SC.Gate)a( "SC G+RS.General +ac*et Radi% Service GS".Gl%/al S(ste, 2%r "%/ile c%,,'nicati%n G +.G+RS 'nneling +r%t%c%l >6+DREA0.>igh +er2%r,ance Radi% E%cal Area 0et)%r* >ER.>%,e E%cati%n Register >SCS!. >igh Speed Circ'it S)itched !ata >4+DREA0. >igh +er2%r,ance Radi% Access net)%r* 6"S6.6nternati%nal "%/ile S'/scri/er 6dentit( 6" .6nternati%nal "%/ile elec%,,'nicati%ns 6 -.6nternati%nal elec%,,'nicati%ns -ni%n <?S$.<rth%g%nal ?aria/le Spreading $act%r +!0.+'/lic !ata 0et)%r* +E"0.+'/lic Eand "%/ile 0et)%r* +S 0.+'/lic S)itched eleph%ne 0et)%r* :%S.:'alit( %2 Service RAB.Radi% Access Bearer R0C.Radi% 0et)%r* C%ntr%ller RRC.Radi% Res%'rce C%ntr%l SGS0.Servicing G+RS S'pp%rt 0%de S6".S'/scri/er 6dentit( "%d'le !!. i,e !ivisi%n !'ple= !"A. i,e !ivisi%n "'ltiple Access A. elec%,,'nicati%ns echn%l%g( Ass%ciati%n 7@%rea8 C. elec%,,'nicati%ns echn%l%g( C%,,issi%n 7Napan8 -" S.-niversal "%/ile elec%,,'nicati%ns S(ste, - RA0.-" S errestrial Radi% Access 0et)%r* ?%6+.?%ice %ver 6nternet +r%t%c%l WC!"A.Wide/and C%de !ivisi%n "'ltiple Access WEA0. Wireless E%cal Area 0et)%r* W+A0. Wireless +ers%nal Area 0et)%r* WWA0. Wireless Wide Area 0et)%r*
11
Re2erences
1C )))C3gppC%rg 2C WC!"A 2%r -" SF DdC. >C >%l,a and AC %s*alaF N%hn Wile(F 2001 3C -" S A "%/ile C%,,'nicati%ns 2%r the $'t'reF DdC $C"'rat%reF N%hn Wile(F 2001 4C WC!"A. %)ards 6+ "%/ilit( and "%/ile 6nternetF Dds DC!Panpera and RC+rasadF Artech >%'seF 2001 5C 6SA;5 C!"A and C!"A2000F ?C@CGargF +'/lishing >%'se %2 Dlectr%nics 6nd'str(F BeiPingF 2002 6C 6+ eleph%n(F <C >ersentF !C G'rle DtF and NA+ +etitF Addis%nAWesle(F 2000 1C )))C,%/ilein2%Cc%,
12