Comp2 Unit6a Lecture Slides

The Culture of Healthcare
Nursing Care Processes

Lecture a
This material (Comp2_Unit6a) was developed by Oregon Health and Science University, funded by the Department of Health
and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number
IU24OC000015.
Learning Objectives
Learn what nurses do and how they are trained
(Lecture a)
Learn how nurses make clinical decisions and
assess patients (Lecture b)
Learn about the settings where nurses work
(Lectures a, c)
Learn about the procedures that nurses perform
(Lecture c)
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Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Lecture a
What Do Nurses Do?
Provide direct care:
Provide hands-on care (such as bathing and
wound care)
Screen patients for diseases
Help doctors with procedures
Give medications and write prescriptions

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Lecture a
What Do Nurses Do? (continued)
Educate others:
Teach patients and their families about
health issues
Teach the public about health issues
Advise organizations
Coordinate care for patients
Manage other nurses or nurse aides
Conduct research

4
Version 3.0/Spring 2012 4
Lecture a
Nursing Specialties
There are several ways to specialize in nursing:
By body system (for example, circulatory system)
By health problem (for example, cancer)
By patient population (for example, older people)
By location (for example, schools)
Some specialties do not involve direct patient
care (for example, nursing informatics)
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Lecture a
5
Types of Nurses
There are three general categories of nurses,
based on their education levels:
Licensed practical nurses (LPNs)
Registered nurses (RNs) (most common)
Advanced practice nurses (APNs) (most
responsibility)
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Lecture a
What LPNs Do
Licensed practical nurses (LPNs):
Provide medical care and help with self-care
Keep patient records
Teach family members how to care for the
patient
Perform other tasks, such as preparing meals
Some states call them licensed vocational
nurses
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Lecture a
Education and Licensing of LPNs
Becoming an LPN is a 3-step process:
Complete a state-approved training program
that lasts about 1 year
Pass a national licensing exam for LPNs
Meet all state requirements to work, such as
passing a background check

8
Lecture a
What Registered Nurses Do
Registered nurses (RNs) are a large part of the
healthcare workforce. They might:
Plan patient care
Give medications
Keep patient records
Teach patients, their families, and the public
Consult with doctors
Manage LPNs
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Lecture a
Where Registered Nurses Work
Many registered nurses work in hospitals
Increased demand for RNs is predicted in:
Doctors offices
Home healthcare services
Nursing care facilities
Employment services
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Lecture a
Education and Licensing
of Registered Nurses
There are 3 steps to becoming an RN:
Earn a nursing diploma, associate degree in
nursing, or a bachelors of science in nursing
over 2 to 4 years
Pass a national licensing exam for RNs
Meet all state requirements
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Lecture a
What Advanced Practice
Nurses Do
RNs with extra training can become advanced
practice nurses (APNs)
Depending on their training, APNs can:
Give patients anesthesia (certified registered nurse
anesthetist)
Provide gynecological and obstetrical care (certified
nurse-midwife)
Provide primary care (nurse practitioner, NP)
Treat patients and conduct research (clinical nurse
specialist, CNS)

12
Lecture a
Education and Licensing of
Advanced Practice Nurses
There are 3 steps to becoming an APN:
Earn an RN license and work as an RN
Earn a masters degree or higher in nursing
Meet state requirements to work as an APN
APNs are also called advanced practice
registered nurses
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Lecture a
Continuing Education
and Credentialing
All nurses pursue continuing education to meet
various requirements
All nurses can become certified in a specialty by
taking an exam from an approved organization
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Lecture a
Common NP Specialties
Acute care
Adult care
Adult psychiatric & mental health
Diabetes management advanced
Family care
Family psychiatric & mental health
Gerontology (older people)
Pediatrics (children and adolescents)
School nursing
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Lecture a
Common CNS Specialties
Adult health
Adult psychiatric & mental health
Child & adolescent psychiatric & mental health
Diabetes management advanced
Home health
Gerontology (older people)
Pediatrics (children and adolescents)
Public\community health
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Lecture a
Examples of
Other Nursing Specialties
Cardiac rehabilitation
Case management
College health
Informatics
Medical-surgical
Nurse executive
Pain management
Perinatal (newborns)
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Lecture a
Advanced Degrees for Nurses
Nurses can pursue advanced degrees for career
growth:
A masters degree lets an RN become an APN,
if he or she meets the other requirements
Doctoral degrees
PhD: prepares nurses for research and teaching
DNP: degree names and programs vary, but they
always emphasize advanced nursing practice, and
usually also leadership and management

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Lecture a
Summary Lecture a

Nursing roles include patient care, teaching,
research, and administration
Specialization lets nurses gain expertise in
certain areas of medicine
All nurses must have formal training, pass a
national exam, and meet state requirements
Nurses stay licensed and build their careers by
pursuing continuing medical education,
certification, and advanced degrees

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Lecture a
References Lecture a
References
American Academy of Nurse Practitioners [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2011 Dec 1]. Frequently Asked Questions: Why
Choose a Nurse Practitioner as your Healthcare Provider? [3 pages]. Available from:
http://www.npfinder.com/faq.pdf.
American Medical Informatics Association [Internet]. Undated [cited 2011 Dec 5]: Nursing Informatics [1 page].
Available from: http://www.amia.org/programs/working-groups/nursing-informatics.
American Nurses Association [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2011 Dec 5]. How to Become a Nurse [1 page]. Available from:
http://nursingworld.org/EspeciallyForYou/What-is-Nursing/Tools-You-Need/RegisteredNurseLicensing.html.
American Nurses Association [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2011 Dec 1]. What Nurses Do [1 page]. Available from:
http://www.nursingworld.org/EspeciallyForYou/What-is-Nursing/Tools-You-Need/RNsAPNs.html.
American Nurses Association, Center for Continuing Education and Professional Development [Internet]. 2011
[cited 2011 Dec 6]: Browse CE: Subject [2 pages]. Available from:
http://ananursece.healthstream.com/Pages/Category.aspx?category=Subject&cat=ANA&orderby=DisplayName&dir
=ASC.
American Nurses Credentialing Center [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2011 Dec 6]: ANCC Certification Center [2 pages].
Available from: http://www.nursecredentialing.org/Certification.aspx#specialty.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor [Internet]. Updated 2009 Dec 17 [cited 2011 Dec 1].
Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition: Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses [3 pages].
Available from: http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos102.htm.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor [Internet]. Updated 2009 Dec 17 [cited 2011 Dec 1].
Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11: Registered Nurses [6 pages]. Available from:
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos083.htm.

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Lecture a

Comp2 Unit6a Lecture Slides

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The Culture of Healthcare

Nursing Care Processes

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