Ene r g y in th e

Ear th Proces ses

En erg y

 Energy = The ability to do work

 All matter radiates energy above absolute
zero
 P.E = stored energy
 K.E= real energy in motion
Some object s r adia te
more energy th an othe rs.
Whi ch on es?
 Higher Temps = more energy radiated.
Pg 13 in the ESRT
Mo st e nergy c an be
traced b ack to t he su n.
 UsmeatvegetationSunFossil
Fuels
Wave s

 However the concept of energy is hard to

understand for some because of the
invisible properties of waves.
 It is the size of the wave that determines
the type of energy.
 Wavelength = the distance between two
wave crests
Ele ctroma gnetic
Sp ectru m
 Entire range of all
main energy types,
which travel at light
speed. Pg 14 in
ESRT
Th e Po wer of En erg y
 The power of energy is figured out by
wavelength and….
 Frequency - number of wavelengths that pass
a certain point.
 Shorter wavelengths = Higher Frequency
Whi ch type of ener gy
gets mos t at tenti on on
the EM Spect rum?
 Visible light is most intense part of EM
Spectrum. It’s what we get the most of
from the sun
 Our eyes are accustomed to visible light
 Color results from frequency and energy
Af ter En ergy l eaves
the su n
 When it comes into contact with matter, EM
energy can be
 Absorbed (which will then be reradiated as infrared
or heat): 50% is absorbed by the surface and 20%
is absorbed by the atmosphere
 Reflected – bounced off the surface. 30% is
reflected
 Scattered – redirected in many directions
 Refracted – bended
 Good absorber = Good radiator (Longer
wave length not as powerful
 Smooth, white = Bad radiator
 Rough, black = Good radiator
Infared

 All energy given off is in terms (form) of

infrared.
 EX. Infrared scopes/Snakes Vision
Ele ctroma gnetic
En erg y
 All EM energy come from either
 1) The Sun
 2)Radioactive decay
Ene rgy Tran sfer

 Convection – movements of liquid/gases

caused by differences in densities
 EX. Mantle convection cells
En erg y Tr ansfer
 Conduction –
collision of atoms
with adjacent atoms.
 EX. Iron pan over a
flame, handle will
eventually get hot.
 Most effective in
solids (can work in
liquids/gasses)
En erg y Tr ansfer

 Radiation – transfer of EM energy

through air + space in the form of
invisible waves.
 Smooth and white = less absorption
 Rough and dark = more absorption
Clo se d En erg y Syst em

 No energy can enter or escape

 EX. Well insulated thermos bottle
He at Flo w

 Heat will flow from Hi to Low.

 Source = energy given
 Sink = energy Absorbed
 EX. Ice in a cup of soda.
 Heat goes from the sodaIce
Ho w d o we e xpress
energy? What Units ?
 Energy expressed in Calorie, Joules.
 Some objects heat/cool faster or slower
then others. We call this specific heat
Sp ecific Heat

 Def: energy needed to heat up or cool

down an object (found on cover of ESRT)
 High Specific Heat = More energy
absorbed
Sp ecific Heat

 High specific heat = more energy needed

 Ex: water (liquid) = 1.0
 Heats slow and cools slow. That is what
keeps us warmer in the winter and cooler in
the summer.
 Low specific heat = less energy needed
 Ex: copper = 0.09
 Heats fast and cools fast
What if yo u keep
addin g or re mo vin g
heat?
 Eventually you reach
a ……..
Phase Change
 Definition:
-Changing from
solidliquidgas
Ph ase Ch anges

 A phase change requires latent heat:

 Latent heat is energy that changes
something's phase but not it’s temperature.
Ad ding En ergy

 Melting
 Goes from solid to liquid
 Gains a little latent heat
 Vaporization
 Goes from liquid to gas
 Gains a lot of latent heat
Re movin g En ergy

 Freezing
 Going from liquid to solid
 Releases less latent heat
 Condensation
 Going from gad to liquid
 Releases more latent heat
 All of these numbers can be found on the
front of your earth science table in
“Properties of water.

 One exception in sublimation

 Going directly from solid to gas