The Electrooculogram EOG

EOG
Electrophysiological test that records Potential
difference between electrodes placed around the
eyes.
To assess eye movements and position.

Corneal Retinal Potential
Eye tiny battery carries potential field/
dipole
Cornea of the eye is electrically positive relative
to the back of the eye.

EOG
This positive potential behaves as if it were a single dipole
oriented from the retina to the cornea.
Such corneoretinal potentials are well established and are
in the range of 0.4 - 1.0 mV .
Eye movements thus produce a moving (rotating) dipole
source and, accordingly, signals that are a measure of the
movement may be obtained .
The chief application of the EOG is in the measurement of
eye movement.

Measuremant of the clinical EOG
The calibration of the signal may be achieved by
having the patient look consecutively at two
different fixation points located a known angle
apart and recording the concomitant EOGs .
By attaching skin electrodes on both sides of an
eye the potential can be measured by having the
subject move his or her eyes horizontally a set
distance .
Typical signal magnitudes range from 5-20 V/.
EOG
Measuremant of the clinical EOG
Measuremant of the clinical EOG

Measuremant of the clinical EOG
A ground electrode is attached usually to either
the forehead or earlobe.
Either inside a Ganzfeld, or on a screen in front of
the patient, small red fixation lights are place 30
degrees apart .
Measuremant of the clinical EOG
Saccadic Response
Saccadic movements describe quick jumps of the
eye from one fixation point to another.
The speed may be 20 - 700/s.

Saccadic Response
The standard mehtod
The standard mehtod
Typically the voltage becomes a little smaller in the dark
reaching its lowest potential after about 8-12 minutes, the
so-called "dark trough.
When the lights are turned on the potential rises, the light
rise, reaching its peak in about 10 minutes.
When the size of the "light peak" is compared to the "dark
trough" the relative size should be about 2:1 or greater .
A light/dark ratio of less than about 1.7 is considered
abnormal.


Practical notes, instruments and
definitions
Electrodes: recording the EOG is relatively undemanding
as regards the electrodes. These shoud be relatively non-
polarisable such as standard medical EEG or ECG
electrodes, of a size appropriate for attachment to the side
of the nose.
Practical notes, instruments and
definitions
Amplifiers: for the lowpass filter, 30 Hz is
sufficient.
Amplifier saturation: EOG potentials measured
during saccadic eye movements can vary by about
5:1 in amplitude between subjects, which, with
the light rise, may mean a total amplitude range of
up to 15:1. thus, the operator must be able to see
the recordings of the saccades to ensure saturation
dose not occur, and to adjust the amplifier gain
setting accordingly.