Development Length

Development Length
CE A433 RC Design
CE A433 RC Design
T. Bart Quimby !.E. !h.D.
T. Bart Quimby !.E. !h.D.
"pring #$$%
"pring #$$%
Consi&er a bar embe&&e& in a
Consi&er a bar embe&&e& in a
mass o' (on(rete
mass o' (on(rete
! ) *+L
b
**&
b
,
! ) * +*&
b
#
-4,
) ! - +L
b
**&
b
, .
ma/
! .
ma/
* +L
b
**&
b
,
) !- +*&
b
#
-4, .
ma/
! .
ma/
* +*&
b
#
-4,
To 'or(e the bar to be the 0ea1 lin12
ma/
* +L
b
**&
b
, 3
ma/
* +*&
b
#
-4,
L
b
3 4
ma/
-
ma/
5* +&
b
-4,
L
b
&
b
Development Length
Development Length

L
L
& &
) &evelopment length
) &evelopment length

the shortest &istan(e over 0hi(h a bar (an a(hieve it6s the shortest &istan(e over 0hi(h a bar (an a(hieve it6s
'ull (apa(ity 'ull (apa(ity

The length that it ta1es a bar to &evelop its 'ull The length that it ta1es a bar to &evelop its 'ull
(ontribution to the moment (apa(ity 7 (ontribution to the moment (apa(ity 7
n n
C
(
T
s
7
n
) 4C or T5*4&ist5
7
n
$
L
&
"teel Limit
"teel Limit

ma/ ma/

8sing the bilinear assumption o' AC9 3:;2

8sing the bilinear assumption o' AC9 3:;2

ma/ ma/
)
) <
'
'
y y

L
b
3 4'
y
-
ma/
5* +&
b
-4,

L
b
3 '
y
* &
b
- 44*
ma/
5
Con(rete Bon& Limit
Con(rete Bon& Limit

ma/ ma/

There are lots o' things that a''e(t

There are lots o' things that a''e(t

ma/ ma/

The strength o' the (on(rete '6 The strength o' the (on(rete '6
( (

Type o' (on(rete 4normal 0eight or light 0eight5 Type o' (on(rete 4normal 0eight or light 0eight5

The amount o' (on(rete belo0 the bar The amount o' (on(rete belo0 the bar

The sur'a(e (on&ition o' the rebar The sur'a(e (on&ition o' the rebar

The (on(rete (over on the bar The (on(rete (over on the bar

The pro/imity o' other bars trans'erring stress to the The pro/imity o' other bars trans'erring stress to the
(on(rete (on(rete

The presen(e o' transverse steel The presen(e o' transverse steel
Con(rete "trength '6
Con(rete "trength '6
( (

Bon& strength
Bon& strength

ma/ ma/
ten&s to in(rease 0ith
ten&s to in(rease 0ith
(on(rete strength.
(on(rete strength.

E/periments have sho0n this relationship

E/periments have sho0n this relationship
to be proportional to the s=uare root o' '6
to be proportional to the s=uare root o' '6
( (
.
.
Type o' Con(rete
Type o' Con(rete

Light 0eight (on(rete ten&s to have less

Light 0eight (on(rete ten&s to have less
bon& strength than &oes normal 0eight
bon& strength than &oes normal 0eight
(on(rete.
(on(rete.
Amount o' Con(rete Belo0 Bars
Amount o' Con(rete Belo0 Bars

The (o&e re'ers to >top

The (o&e re'ers to >top
bars? as being any bar
bars? as being any bar
0hi(h has :# in(hes or
0hi(h has :# in(hes or
more o' 'resh (on(rete
more o' 'resh (on(rete
belo0 the bar 0hen the
belo0 the bar 0hen the
member is poure&.
member is poure&.

9' (on(rete 3 :#? then

9' (on(rete 3 :#? then
(onsoli&ation settlement
(onsoli&ation settlement
results in lo0er bon&
results in lo0er bon&
strength on the bottom si&e
strength on the bottom si&e
o' the bar
o' the bar
"ur'a(e Con&ition o' Rebar
"ur'a(e Con&ition o' Rebar

All rebar must meet A"T7 re=uirements

All rebar must meet A"T7 re=uirements
'or &e'ormations that in(rease pullout
'or &e'ormations that in(rease pullout
strength.
strength.

Bars are o'ten sur'a(e (oate& is inhibit

Bars are o'ten sur'a(e (oate& is inhibit
(orrosion.
(orrosion.

Epo/y Coating
Epo/y Coating
The ma@or (on(ernA
The ma@or (on(ernA

BalvaniCing
BalvaniCing

Epo/y (oating signi'i(antly re&u(es bon&

Epo/y (oating signi'i(antly re&u(es bon&
strength
strength
!ro/imity to "ur'a(e or Dther Bars
!ro/imity to "ur'a(e or Dther Bars

The siCe o' the (on(rete >(ylin&er? tributary to

The siCe o' the (on(rete >(ylin&er? tributary to
ea(h bar is use& to a((ount 'or pro/imity o'
ea(h bar is use& to a((ount 'or pro/imity o'
sur'a(es or other bars.
sur'a(es or other bars.
!resen(e o' Transverse "teel
!resen(e o' Transverse "teel

The bon& trans'er ten&s to (ause a splitting plane The bon& trans'er ten&s to (ause a splitting plane

Transverse steel 0ill in(rease the strength o' the Transverse steel 0ill in(rease the strength o' the
splitting plane. splitting plane.

"ee te/t 'or other possible splitting lo(ations "ee te/t 'or other possible splitting lo(ations
The AC9 3:;E$F Development
The AC9 3:;E$F Development
Length E=uation 4AC9 3:;E$F :#.#5
Length E=uation 4AC9 3:;E$F :#.#5
b
b
tr b
s e t
c
y
d
d
d
K c
f
f
L

=
5 . 2 , min
) 7 . 1 , min(
40
3
sn
f A
K
yt tr
tr
1500
=
The 7o&i'iers
The 7o&i'iers

t t
7o&i'ier 'or rein'or(ement lo(ation
7o&i'ier 'or rein'or(ement lo(ation

:.3 'or top bars :.$ 'or other bars

:.3 'or top bars :.$ 'or other bars

e e
mo&i'ier 'or epo/y (oate& bars
mo&i'ier 'or epo/y (oate& bars

:.F 0hen (over . 3&

:.F 0hen (over . 3&
b b
or (lear spa(ing . G&
or (lear spa(ing . G&
b b

:.# 'or other epo/y (oate& rein'or(ing

:.# 'or other epo/y (oate& rein'or(ing

:.$ 'or nonEepo/y (oate& rein'or(ing

:.$ 'or nonEepo/y (oate& rein'or(ing

The pro&u(t
The pro&u(t

t t

e e
nee& not e/(ee& :.%
nee& not e/(ee& :.%
7ore 7o&i'iersH
7ore 7o&i'iersH

s s
7o&i'ier 'or bar siCe
7o&i'ier 'or bar siCe

$.; 'or IG an& smaller

$.; 'or IG an& smaller

:.$ 'or I% an& larger

:.$ 'or I% an& larger

7o&i'ier 'or light0eight (on(rete

7o&i'ier 'or light0eight (on(rete

:.3 'or light0eight (on(rete

:.3 'or light0eight (on(rete

:.$ 'or other (on(rete

:.$ 'or other (on(rete
The Transverse Rein'or(ement
The Transverse Rein'or(ement
9n&e/ J
9n&e/ J
tr tr
4AC9 3:;E$F E=. :#E#5
4AC9 3:;E$F E=. :#E#5

A A
tr tr
) total (ross se(tional area o' ) total (ross se(tional area o'
all transverse rein'or(ement 0hi(h all transverse rein'or(ement 0hi(h
is 0ithin the spa(ing s an& 0hi(h is 0ithin the spa(ing s an& 0hi(h
(rosses the potential plane o' (rosses the potential plane o'
splitting through the rein'or(ement splitting through the rein'or(ement
being &evelope&. being &evelope&.

' '
yt yt
) the yiel& strength o' the ) the yiel& strength o' the
transverse rein'or(ing transverse rein'or(ing

s ) ma/imum CEC spa(ing o' s ) ma/imum CEC spa(ing o'

transverse rein'or(ement 0ithin transverse rein'or(ement 0ithin
the &evelopment length the &evelopment length

n ) number o' longitu&inal bars n ) number o' longitu&inal bars

being &evelope& along the plane being &evelope& along the plane
o' splitting. o' splitting.
sn
f A
K
yt tr
tr
1500
=
Dther Development Lengths
Dther Development Lengths

Development in Compression2 AC9 3:;E

Development in Compression2 AC9 3:;E
$F :#.3
$F :#.3

Development o' stan&ar& hoo1s in

Development o' stan&ar& hoo1s in
tension2 AC9 3:;E$F :#.F
tension2 AC9 3:;E$F :#.F

There are some very spe(i'i( (over an&-or

There are some very spe(i'i( (over an&-or
(on'inement re=uirements
(on'inement re=uirements

7e(hani(al (onne(tors 4su(h as bearing

7e(hani(al (onne(tors 4su(h as bearing
plates at the beam en&s5 may also be use.
plates at the beam en&s5 may also be use.
E''e(t on 7oment Capa(ity
E''e(t on 7oment Capa(ity

7oment Capa(ity
7oment Capa(ity

7
7
n n
is a 'un(tion o' >/?
is a 'un(tion o' >/?

9' &i''erent bars &evelop &i''erently then

9' &i''erent bars &evelop &i''erently then
you nee& to loo1 at the >(ontribution? that
you nee& to loo1 at the >(ontribution? that
ea(h bar ma1es to the moment (apa(ity
ea(h bar ma1es to the moment (apa(ity
7oment Capa(ity Diagram
7oment Capa(ity Diagram
Moment Capacity
$
:$$
#$$
3$$
4$$
F$$
G$$
$ F$ :$$ :F$ #$$ #F$ 3$$ 3F$ 4$$
X (in)
p
h
i
P
m

(
f
t
-
k
)
Cutting Bars
Cutting Bars

The
The

7
7
n n
&iagram (an be ma&e to more (losely 'it
&iagram (an be ma&e to more (losely 'it
the 7u &iagram by terminating or (utting bars
the 7u &iagram by terminating or (utting bars
0hen they are no longer nee&e&. 4AC9 3:;E$F
0hen they are no longer nee&e&. 4AC9 3:;E$F
:#.:$.35
:#.:$.35
Moment Capacity
$
:$$
#$$
3$$
4$$
F$$
G$$
$ F$ :$$ :F$ #$$ #F$ 3$$ 3F$ 4$$
X (in)
p
h
i
P
m

(
f
t
-
k
)
En& o' IG bar
En& o' I; bars
En& o' I:$ bars
3 ma/4& :#&
b
5
3 ma/4& :#&
b
5
Beam !ro'ile "ho0ing Bar Cuto''
Beam !ro'ile "ho0ing Bar Cuto''
Lo(ations
Lo(ations