BJT SMALL SIGNAL ANALYSIS This is the use of the Bipolar Junction transistor to operate as an Amplifier with the use of a small A.C signal.
BJT SMALL SIGNAL ANALYSIS The magnitude of the A.C signal which is applied should be small enough to keep the transistor in the active mode, only then, the transistor will be able to amplify. If the A.C signal applied is too high then the transistor will operate in saturation or cut off mode.
COMMON-EMITTER FIXED BIAS CONFIGURATION USES OF THE CAPACITORS IN THE CONFIGURATION The capacitors in the circuit C 1 and C 2 are called COUPLING CAPACITORS The coupling capacitors are used to pass the A.C input signal and block the D.C voltage from proceeding the circuit.
STEPS FOR THE A.C EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT 1. Setting all D.C. sources to zero and replacing them by a short-circuit equivalent 2. Replacing all capacitors by a short-circuit equivalent 3. Removing all elements bypassed by the short- circuit equivalents introduced by steps 1 and 2 4. Redrawing the network in a more convenient and logical form A.C EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT A.C EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT The transistor is then replaced by its equivalent model. This model is called the DYNAMIC EMITTER RESISTANCE MODEL (r e ) r e = 26mV / I E
A.C EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT PARAMETERS OF THE CIRCUIT
Input Impedance (Z i ) Z i = R B ||r e
Output Impedance (Z o ) Z o = R c ||r o
PARAMETERS OF THE CIRCUIT
CIRCUIT TO ANALYZE
For the network determine:
Z o , Z i , A v(no load) ,A i
A.C EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT (TWO PORT MODEL) Parameter Calculations Parameter Calculations Parameter Calculations FET DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIER ANALYSIS CHARACTERISTICS OF A FET DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIER
High input impedance Good frequency range They are considered low-power consumption configurations High voltage gain
Basic FET difference amplifier
Contd R Ds are chosen to maintain transistors in saturation V S takes on whatever value is needed so that currents sum to I with given input voltages How a FET difference amplifier works The FET device controls an output (drain) current by means of a small input (gate-voltage) voltage The FET device can be used as an linear amplifier or as a digital device in logic circuits which require low power consumption The FET has a transconductance factor g m in its ac equivalent model
Graphical determination of G m (transconductance factor) The gain of the fet difference amplifier Contd Contd Contd