1) Moments of inertia are used to calculate the effect of rotation in beams and shafts. They are calculated by integrating the distances squared from a given axis over an area.
2) The polar moment of inertia is related to the rectangular moments of inertia and is used in problems involving torsion and rotation.
3) The parallel axis theorem allows calculating the moment of inertia about an axis not through the centroid by using the centroidal moment of inertia and the distance to the new axis.
1) Moments of inertia are used to calculate the effect of rotation in beams and shafts. They are calculated by integrating the distances squared from a given axis over an area.
2) The polar moment of inertia is related to the rectangular moments of inertia and is used in problems involving torsion and rotation.
3) The parallel axis theorem allows calculating the moment of inertia about an axis not through the centroid by using the centroidal moment of inertia and the distance to the new axis.
1) Moments of inertia are used to calculate the effect of rotation in beams and shafts. They are calculated by integrating the distances squared from a given axis over an area.
2) The polar moment of inertia is related to the rectangular moments of inertia and is used in problems involving torsion and rotation.
3) The parallel axis theorem allows calculating the moment of inertia about an axis not through the centroid by using the centroidal moment of inertia and the distance to the new axis.
Second moments or moments of inertia of an area with respect to the x and y axes, } } = = dA x I dA y I y x 2 2 Misalkan dA adalah sebuah elemen dari luasan dan berjarak y dari sumbu x. Maka hasil kali y 2 dA disebut momen inersia (second moment of area) elemen terhadap sumbu x. Momen inersia sering digunakan dalam soal-soal mengenai poros dan balok (beam) Example For the rectangular area of fig. 1 , determine the moment of inertia I x of the area with respect to the centroidal x axis x y b h We select as an element of area a horizontal strip of length d and thickness dy x b +h/2 -h/2 dy y | | 3 3 3 2 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 3 2 2 12 1 8 8 3 1 3 1 ) ( bh I h h b I y b bdy y dA y I x x A h h h h x = | | . |
\ | + = = = = } } +
Polar Moment of Inertia
The polar moment of inertia is an important parameter in problems involving torsion of cylindrical shafts and rotations of slabs. } = dA r J 2 0 The polar moment of inertia is related to the rectangular moments of inertia, ( ) x y I I dA y dA x dA y x dA r J + = + = + = = } } } } 2 2 2 2 2 0 Sample Problem a) Determine the centroidal polar moment of inertia of a circular area by direct integration. b) Using the result of part a, determine the moment of inertia of a circular area with respect to a diameter. SOLUTION: An annular differential area element is chosen, ( ) } } } = = = = = r r O O O du u du u u dJ J du u dA dA u dJ 0 3 0 2 2 2 2 2 t t t 4 2 r J O t = From symmetry, I x = I y , x x y x O I r I I I J 2 2 2 4 = = + = t 4 4 r I I x diameter t = = Parallel Axis Theorem Consider moment of inertia I of an area A with respect to the axis AA } = dA y I 2 Seringkali diperlukan untuk menghitung momen inersia terhadap suatu sumbu yang tidak melalui sentroid. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan teorema sumbu sejajar. The axis BB passes through the area centroid and is called a centroidal axis. ( ) } } } } } + ' + ' = + ' = = dA d dA y d dA y dA d y dA y I 2 2 2 2 2 2 Ad I I + = parallel axis theorem The first integral represent the moment of inertia I BB of the area with respect to centroidal BB axis. The second integral represents the first moment of the area with respect to the BB axis and is equal to zero, since the centroid C of the area is located on that axis ( ) } } } } } + ' + ' = + ' = = dA d dA y d dA y dA d y dA y I 2 2 2 2 2 Moment of inertia I T of a circular area with respect to a tangent to the circle, ( ) 4 4 5 2 2 4 4 1 2 r r r r Ad I I T t t t = + = + = Moments of Inertia of Composite Areas Momen inersia dari luasan komposit sama dengan algebraic sum dari momen inersia seluruh part penyusunnya. Example - = 4 6 2 2 2 2 ' ) 10 ( 4 , 11 ) 75 ( ) 25 ( ) 25 ( 4 1 mm Ad I I y x x = + = + = t t Circle 75 75 100 25 Rectangle 4 6 2 3 2 ' ) 10 ( 5 , 112 ) 75 )( 150 )( 100 ( ) 150 )( 100 ( 12 1 mm Ad I I y x x = + = + = The moment of inertia for the composite area is 4 6 6 6 ) 101(10 ) 10 ( 5 , 112 ) 10 ( 4 , 11 mm I x = + = Sample Problem Determine the moment of inertia of the shaded area with respect to the x axis. SOLUTION: Compute the moments of inertia of the bounding rectangle and half-circle with respect to the x axis. The moment of inertia of the shaded area is obtained by subtracting the moment of inertia of the half-circle from the moment of inertia of the rectangle. Sample Problem SOLUTION: Compute the moments of inertia of the bounding rectangle and half-circle with respect to the x axis. Rectangle: ( )( ) 4 6 3 1 3 3 1 mm 10 2 . 138 120 240 = = = bh I x Half-circle: moment of inertia with respect to AA, ( ) 4 6 4 8 1 4 8 1 mm 10 76 . 25 90 = = = ' t tr I A A ( )( ) ( ) 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 mm 10 72 . 12 90 mm 81.8 a - 120 b mm 2 . 38 3 90 4 3 4 = = = = = = = = t t t t r A r a moment of inertia with respect to x, ( )( ) 4 6 3 6 2 mm 10 20 . 7 10 72 . 12 10 76 . 25 = = = ' ' Aa I I A A x moment of inertia with respect to x, ( )( ) 4 6 2 3 6 2 mm 10 3 . 92 8 . 81 10 72 . 12 10 20 . 7 = + = + = ' Ab I I x x Sample Problem The moment of inertia of the shaded area is obtained by subtracting the moment of inertia of the half-circle from the moment of inertia of the rectangle. 4 6 mm 10 9 . 45 = x I x I = 4 6 mm 10 2 . 138
4 6 mm 10 3 . 92 Moments of Inertia of Composite Areas The moment of inertia of a composite area A about a given axis is obtained by adding the moments of inertia of the component areas A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , ... , with respect to the same axis.
Ten-Decimal Tables of the Logarithms of Complex Numbers and for the Transformation from Cartesian to Polar Coordinates: Volume 33 in Mathematical Tables Series