Você está na página 1de 30

Carbon Dioxide Demonstration Project

Supporting Research at KU
Jyun-Syung Tsau
presented for
Tertiary Oil Recovery Project
Advisory Board Meeting
October 19-20, 2001
Supporting Research Activities
Simulation
Hall-Gurney field (LKC formation)
Bemis-Shutts field (Arbuckle formation)
Laboratory experiments
Slim-tube displacement
Residual oil measurement
Simulation
Reservoir simulator
VIP black oil simulator
Primary production, waterflooding
VIP compositional simulator
CO
2
flooding

Compositional Simulator
Equation of state (EOS) for CO
2
-oil
phase behavior characterization and
properties calculation
Peng-Robinson 3-parameter EOS model
Typical Data Preparation for
Compositional Simulation
C7+ characterization (sub-grouping
heavy end)
Pseudoization (grouping)
Phase behavior calculation (swelling
test)
Slim-tube displacement
Laboratory Displacement Data to Fine
Tune Reservoir Simulator
Slim-tube displacement experiment
Ideal porous media
Oil recovery attributed to phase behavior
MMP (minimum miscibility pressure)
indicates the pressure required to develop
multiple-contact miscibility
Fine tune EOS parameters in reservoir
simulator
Schematic of Slim-tube Experiment Apparatus
C
O
2

s
o
u
r
c
e

Milton Roy
pump
Effluent
N
2

s
o
u
r
c
e

C
O
2

O
i
l

T
T T
ISCO
pump
ISCO
pump
BPR
T
Oil Recovery Performance in Slim-tube Experiment
(Letsch #7 oil)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
CO2 injection (HCPV)
O
i
l

p
r
o
d
u
c
e
d

(
H
C
P
V
)
1305 psia
1015 psia
Temp: 105 F
MMP Measurements of Letsch #7 Oil
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400
Pressure (psia)
R
e
c
o
v
e
r
y

(
%
)
Recovery at 1.0 HCPV CO2 injection
Oil Recovery Performance Match
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
CO2 injection (HCPV)
O
i
l

p
r
o
d
u
c
e
d

(
H
C
P
V
)
Experiment
Simulation_bip0.05
Simulation_bip0.0735
Pressure = 1305 psia
Determination of Residual Oil Saturation
to Carbon Dioxide
Why it is important?
Miscibility developed by multiple
contact results in variable amount of
oil left behind in CO
2
-swept zone
Uncertainty in projection of oil
recovery by the simulator

Critical Issues to the Measurements
Measurement needs to account for
Well defined development of
miscibility
Representative fluid and rock
properties

Schematic of Residual Oil Saturation
Measurement Apparatus
Characteristics of Slim-tube and
Core Sample
Slim-tube Core sample
Length (inch)
459.48 1.9205
I.D. (inch)
0.2425 0.9845
Bulk volume (cc)
347.80 23.96
Pore volume (cc)
127.76 5.26
Porosity (%)
36.73 21.95
Permeability (md)
4900 453.73
Porous media
Glass bead Berea sandstone
Future Tasks
Investigate the effect of displacement
rate, core length and structure on
residual oil saturation determination
Investigate the effect of water saturation
on the residual oil saturation to CO
2
Evaluation of Arbuckle Crude Oil for Oil
Recovery by CO
2
Displacement
Conduct experiment to measure MMP of
crude oil obtained from Arbuckle
formation
Perform simulation to match current field
condition and test the reservoir response
to pressurization process
MMP Measurements of Peavey #B1 Oil
(Bemis-Shutts field)
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
Pressure (psia)
O
i
l

r
e
c
o
v
e
r
y

(
%

O
O
I
P
)

Temp: 108 F
Current Reservoir Condition
Average reservoir pressure is around
500 psia, which is not high enough for
CO
2
miscible displacement
Reservoir must be pressurized
Approaches
Construct a generic model to
simulate the process of
Primary production
Pressurization
Model contains
126 active production wells in a 2 by 2
square miles area (2560 acres)
Grid Cell System Used in the Model
Cross Section of the Reservoir Formation
11 layers with permeability ranging
between 0.2 ~5 md in aquitard and 50
~1500 md in production zones
86 ft
2 miles
a
q
u
i
f
e
r

3486'
3400'
Satisfactory Match
Simulation results were to match
Reservoir average pressure
Cumulative oil and water production
Current oil and water production rate
Observations
Reservoir is a layered reservoir with high
permeability contrast between layers
Bottom water drive
Edge water drive does not provide enough
energy to support the average reservoir
pressure and production performance

Pressure Distribution at the End of Primary Production
(Beginning of Pressurization)
Simulation Tests to Pressurize a Project Area
5 spot pattern (10 acres) with 6
confining injectors (within 120 acres)

Well Condition Parameters During the
Pressurization
Injector
5-spot: BHP: 2000 psia, Qmax: 3000 bbl/day
Confining area: BHP: 2000 psia, Qmax: 3000
bbl/day
Producer
5-spot: shut-in
Around confining area: BHP: 1100 psia, Qmax:
300 bbl/day
Other active producers : BHP: 300 psia, Qmax:
300 bbl/day
Pressure Distribution After 3-years Pressurization
Summary of Pressurization Process
The magnitude of pressure increase
within a pattern depends on the size of
the pattern, confining area, and bottom
hole pressure control of injectors and
producers.
The ultimate pressures within the
pattern varied from 1200 psia to 1500
psia.

Preliminary Results
Attainable reservoir pressure might
slightly below the MMP as required for a
miscible CO
2
displacement
Oil recovery remains relatively high (70
~85%) for a few hundred psi below MMP
Current Status
Oil and gas samples collected from the
wellhead and separator were analyzed by
Core-Lab
High nitrogen content was found on some
of the separator samples through the quality
check, which suggests the needs to measure
MMP and oil recovery using a live oil
sample
Detailed PVT test and swelling test would
be conducted by Core-Lab, and data would
be used for compositional simulation

Você também pode gostar