6 Lte Eran6.0 Mimo Feature Issue 1.00

LTE eRAN6.
0 MIMO
Feature
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Foreword
LTE MIMO feature include:
Benefits Provided by MIMO
Classification of MIMO in eRAN2.1
UL MIMO
DL MIMO
Page2
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe the benefits provided by MIMO
Describe the function of UL MRC and IRC receiver
Describe the function UL MU-MIMO
Describe the DL MIMO mode
Describe adaptive switch of DL MIMO
Page3
Contents
1. MIMO Feature Overview
2. UL MIMO in eNodeB
3. DL MIMO in eNodeB
Page4
Introduce of MIMO
Trend : Desire of higher throughput
Solution:
Higher bandwidth: Now 20MHz is supported and further

100Mhz can be achieved in LTE advanced, but it will be limited
Higher MCS scheme: Now 64 QAM is used and further 256

QAM will be introduced in LTE advanced, but it will be limited
MIMO is technology based on spatial domain, achieve the
obvious improvement of throughput
Page5
Benefit of MIMO
Spatial multiplexing gain
Diversity gain
Decrease probability of deep path feeding, thus get the additional gain
Array gain
Improve system peak throughput
Improve SINR of cell edge
Co-channel interference reduction gain
Applicable for high interference scenario, gain is achieved from
interference mitigation
Page6
Spatial Multiplexing Gain
Spatial multiplexing gain is a throughput gain achieved by
adding spatial channels (that is, by adding antennas)

without increasing the total bandwidth and total TX power.
TX
RX
RX
TX
MultiPath
Scatter
Page7
Diversity Gain
The probability of deep fading after signal combining is
reduced greatly, and the diversity gain is achieved.
Page8
Array Gain
Array gain is a power gain achieved by combining signals
from different antennas based on the correlation between

signals and the non-correlation between noises.
Page9
Co-channel Interference Reduction

Gain
Interference mitigation methods can achieve the co-
channel interference reduction gain by minimizing the

interference gain and maximizing the signal gain.
Co-channel interference reduction gain is achieved by using
interference rejection combining (IRC) or other interference

mitigation methods.
Page10
Classifications of MIMO
LTE support variable MIMO scheme with different aspect
Based on whether the transmitter feedback channel

information:
Open-loop MIMO : Just feedback CQI and rank(Optional)
Closed-loop MIMO: Beside CQI and rank, PMI is also required
Based on the number of spatial data streams transmitted at

the same time:
Spatial diversity: only 1 data stream for each user, rank=1
Spatial multiplexing: 1 or more streams for each user,

rank=1,2,3,4
Page11
MIMO Modes Supported by

eRAN6.0(FDD)
UL MIMO:
Receive diversity:
1x2 (Basic feature)
1x4
MU-MIMO :2x2 or 2x4
DL MIMO:
Open-loop transmit diversity (OL-TD)
Closed-loop transmit diversity (CL-TD)
Open-loop spatial multiplexing (OL-SM)
Closed-loop spatial multiplexing (CL-SM)
Page12
Device Configuration
RRU Configuration
Sector Configuration
Page13
Contents
2. UL MIMO
3. DL MIMO
Page14
Contents
2 . UL MIMO
2.1 Receive Diversity
2.2 MU-MIMO
Page15
Principle of Receive Diversity
Receive diversity is a diversity scheme in which each UE
uses one antenna for transmission and occupies a time

domain resource different from other UEs while the eNodeB
uses multiple antennas for reception and combines signals
from these antennas.
Page16
Signal Combining in Receive Diversity
The algorithms of signal combining in receive diversity
include MRC and IRC. Both provide the diversity gain and
array gain.
The MRC receiver and the IRC receiver are applications of
a theoretical model named MMSE receiver in different

interference environments.
Page17
MRC and IRC

MRC
IRC
The MMSE receiver is MRC receiver
The MMSE receiver is IRC receiver when
when the interference and noise are
there is high interference in the
spatially white.
environments.
Assuming that both interference and
noise are spatially white, the MRC
Assuming that colored interference exists,
receiver meets the MMSE criterion by
the IRC receiver meets the MMSE criterion
using the maximum ratio combining
by mitigating interference during signal
algorithm.
combining.
When there is no spatially colored
When there is spatially colored interference,
interference, the eNodeB selects MRC.
the eNodeB selects IRC.
Page18
MRC/IRC Adaptive Switch
Page19
Contents
2 . UL MIMO
2.1 Receive Diversity
2.2 MU-MIMO
Page20
Principle of MU-MIMO
The number of UEs cannot exceed the number of eNodeB
RX antennas in MU-MIMO mode.
Page21
UE Pairing in MU-MIMO
UE pairing in MU-MIMO is a process in which the eNodeB
scheduler tries to select a pair of most appropriate UEs for

transmission.
The eNodeB performs UE paring in each TTI. The phases
are as follows:
SINR measurement
Candidate UE selection
UE pairing
Scheduling
Page22
Adaptive Mode Selection and

Switching
If the channel SINRs are high and the channels are
approximately orthogonal, the eNodeB selects MUMIMO. Otherwise, the eNodeB selects receive
diversity.
Page23
Receiver Technology for MU-MIMO
For 2x2 MU-MIMO
Default receiver: MRC
Optional receiver: PSIC (Parallel Soft Interference

Cancellation)
For 2x4 MU-MIMO
Same as UL diversity receive, both MRC and IRC could be

used
Page24
PSIC Advanced Receiver (eRAN6.0

Enhancement)
Gain of PSIC receiver
IUI(inter user interference) cancellation: Reduce the

interference between paired UEs. The interference cancellation
effect depends on the correlation between users as well as the
detection and decoding performance.
ISI(inter symbol interference) cancellation: PSIC reduces ISI,

which is caused by frequency selective fading, to improve
demodulation performance. The interference cancellation effect
depends on the ISI degree as well as the equalization and
decoding performance.
Page25
Contents
2. UL MIMO
3. DL MIMO
Page26
Contents
3 . DL MIMO
3.1 DL MIMO Implementation
3.2 DL MIMO Introduction
3.3 Adaptive Switch
Page27
DL OFDM Signal Generation

Codewords
Scrambling
Layers
Modulation
Mapper
Layer
Mapper
Scrambling
Antenna
Ports
Resource
Element
Mapper
OFDM
Signal
Generation
Resource
Element
Mapper
OFDM
Signal
Generation
Precoding
Modulation
Mapper
Page28
Layer Mapping
Codeword
Rank 1
1
Rank 2
1
Rank 3
1
Rank 4
2
1 Layer
2 Layers
3 Layers
4 Layers
1, 2 or 4
Antenna
Ports
2 or 4
Antenna
Ports
4 Antenna
Ports
4 Antenna
Ports
Page29
Why Precoding
In ideal conditions, the

layer data, after being
precoded and passed
through spatial channels, is
equivalent to a group of
independent parallel data
without interfering with each
other
Page30
Transmission Modes
Mode 1 - Single-Antenna transmission, port 0, no MIMO
Mode 2 - Open-loop transmit diversity
Mode 3 - Open-loop spatial multiplexing
Mode 4 - Closed-loop spatial multiplexing
Mode 5 - Multi user MIMO (more than one UE is assigned to

the same resource block)
Mode 6 - Close-loop transmit diversity
Mode 7 - Single-antenna port, port 5 (beam forming)
Page31
Transmission Modes (Cont.)

Mode
No.
Name
Mode 2 OL-TD
Description
In OL-TD mode, the diversity gain can be achieved. Spacefrequency block coding (SFBC) is used in the case of two TX
antennas. The combination of SFBC and frequency switched
transmit diversity (FSTD) is used in the case of four TX
antennas.
In OL-SM mode, the UE does not need to report precoding

information. When the rank is equal to 1, OL-SM is equivalent to
Mode 3 OL-SM OL-TD. When the rank is equal to 2, 3, or 4, OL-SM maps data
streams onto different layers and performs large-delay cyclic
delay diversity (CDD) precoding.
Mode 4 CL-SM In CL-SM mode, the UE needs to report precoding information.
It performs zero-delay CDD precoding.
Mode 6 CL-TD
CL-TD is equivalent to CL-SM (rank = 1, precoding).
Page32
Contents
3 . DL MIMO
3.1 DL MIMO Implementation
3.3 Adaptive Switch
Page33
Overview of Transmit Diversity
Transmit diversity is a diversity scheme in which multiple

antennas are used for signal transmission and multiple
versions of the same signal with different fading degrees are
combined at the RX end.
Transmit diversity is classified into OL-TD (mode 2) and CLTD (mode 6) based on whether the channel information
reported by the UE is used.
Page34
Transmit Diversity Layer Mapping

Number
of
Layers
Number
of Code
words
Codeword to Layer Mapping i 0,1,..., M sylaymerb 1
x ( 0 ) (i ) d ( 0) ( 2i )
lay er
( 0)
M sy
m b M sy m b 2
x (1) (i ) d ( 0) ( 2i 1)
x (0) (i ) d (0) (4i )

x (1) (i ) d (0) (4i 1)
x ( 2) (i ) d (0) (4i 2)
x (3) (i ) d (0) (4i 3)
(0)
)
if M sy( 0mb
mod 4 0
M sy mb 4
M
(0)
(0)
M sy mb 2 4 if M sy mb mod 4 0
( 0)
If M symb
mod 4 0 two null symbols are
lay er
sy mb
( 0)
appended to d (0) (Msymb
1)
Layer means the transmit antenna number in the transmit

diversity mode.
Rank must be one.
Page35
OL TD SFBC (2 ANTs)
Open-loop transmit diversity uses the SFBC technique in the case

of two TX antennas.
Transmits signals x1 on subcarrier f1 of antenna TX1
Transmits signals x2 on subcarrier f2 of antenna TX1
Transmits signals x2* on subcarrier f1 of antenna TX2
Transmits signals x1* on subcarrier f2 of antenna TX2
Page36
OL TD SFBC + FSTD (4 ANTs)
Open-loop transmit diversity uses SFBC+FSTD technique in the case of four

TX antennas.
Transmits signals x1 and x2 on subcarriers f1 and f2 of antenna TX1

respectively
Transmits signals x3 and x4 on subcarriers f3 and f4 of antenna TX2

respectively
Transmits signals x2* and x1* on subcarriers f1 and f2 of antenna TX3

respectively
Transmits signals x4* and x3* on subcarriers f3 and f4 of antenna TX4
Page37
respectively
Close-Loop Transmit Diversity
Closed-loop transmit diversity (CL-TD) (mode 6) is equivalent
to CL-SM (rank = 1)
Page38
Overview of Spatial Multiplexing
Spatial multiplexing is a technique in which multiple antennas
are used to transmit spatial data streams in the same time

domain and frequency domain.
Spatial multiplexing increases the system capacity and
provides the spatial multiplexing gain.
Spatial multiplexing is classified into OL-SM (mode 3) and

CL-SM (mode 4) based on whether precoding information is
reported by the UE.
Page39
Spatial Multiplexing Layer Mapping

Number
of Layers
Number of
Codewords
Codeword to Layer Mapping i 0,1,..., M sylaymerb 1
x (0) (i) d (0) (i)
lay er
(0)
M sy
m b M sy m b
x (0) (i) d (0) (i)
lay er
( 0)
(1)
M sy
m b M sy m b M sy m b
x (1) (i) d (1) (i)
x ( 0) (i ) d (0) (2i )
x (1) (i ) d (0) (2i 1)
layer
(0)
M symb
Msymb
2
x (0) (i) d (0) (i)
lay er
(0)
(1)
M sy
m b M sy m b M sy m b 2
x (1) (i ) d (1) (2i )

x ( 2) (i ) d (1) (2i 1)
x ( 0) (i ) d (0) (2i )
x (1) (i ) d (0) (2i 1)
lay er
( 0)
(1)
M sy
m b M sy m b 2 M sy m b 2
x ( 2) (i ) d (1) (2i )
x (3) (i ) d (1) (2i 1)
One layer means an independent data steams. Through layer

mapping data streams are divided into many different parallel data
steams.
Page40
Precoding for CL- SM
CL-SM uses zero-delay CDD precoding, according to 3GPP
specifications
The precoding matrix is reported by UE
Precoding provides the spatial multiplexing gain if the interval
between UE reports on the precoding information (for example,

precoding matrix indication (PMI) is not too long. CL-SM is
applicable to slowly moving UEs.
Page41
Codebook for Zero-Delay CDD
For open-loop use

For closed-loop use
Codebook for 4 ANTs,

Codebook for 2 ANTs

Page 42
Page42
OL-SM Precoding Large Delay CDD
OL-SM provides the diversity gain in addition to the spatial multiplexing gain
because it uses large-delay CDD precoding, according to 3GPP specifications.
y(i ) W (i ) D(i )Ux(i )
The purpose of large delay CDD precoding and unitary matrix is to
make radio condition of each layer to be equal which can reduce

uplink feedback signaling. It is applicable for high movement
scenarios that which can overcome the feeding caused by the delay.
Both multiplexing gain and diversity gain can be achieved.
It is only valid in case of rank= 2, 3 or 4
When the rank is equal to 1, OL-SM is same as of OL-TD
Page43
Large-Delay Cyclic Delay Diversity
j denotes the sub-carrier index. Different sub-carrier uses

different phase shift. In the time domain, the time delay will
be different.
Page44
Contents
3 . DL MIMO
3.1 DL MIMO Realization
3.5 Adaptive Switch
Page45
Application Scenarios of MIMO Modes

Moving Speed
OL-TD (mode 2)
OL-SM (mode 3)
CL-TD (mode 6)
CL-SM (mode 4)
SINR
Page46
Selection & Switch of MIMO Scheme
The eNodeB can select the most appropriate MIMO mode
based on actual conditions and switch one mode to another.

There are four selection and switching schemes:
Open-loop and closed-loop adaptive scheme
Open-loop SM/TD adaptive scheme
Closed-loop SM/TD adaptive scheme
Fixed scheme
Page47
Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Adaptive

Scheme
Page48
Maximum Rank Configuration

(eRAN6.0 Enhancement)
Page49
MIMO Adaptive Switch Configuration
Open loop and closed loop adaptive switch, rank adaptive among rank 1,2,3 or 4
Closed loop adaptive switch, rank adaptive among rank 1,2,3 or 4
Page50
Related Command (Cont.)
Open loop adaptive switch, rank adaptive among rank 1, 2, 3 or 4
Fixed MIMO scheme
Page51
Summary
The benefit of MIMO
UL MIMO receiver technologies
DL transmission mode
MIMO adaptive switching principle
Page52
Abbreviation
IRC: Interference Rejection Combing
MMSE: Minimum Mean Square Error
MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output
MRC: Maximum Ratio Combining
PSIC: Parallel Soft Interference Cancellation
Page53
Thank you
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LTE eRAN6.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE MIMO feature include:

Benefits Provided by MIMO

Classification of MIMO in eRAN2.1

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Describe the benefits provided by MIMO

Describe the function of UL MRC and IRC receiver

Describe the function UL MU-MIMO

Describe the DL MIMO mode

Describe adaptive switch of DL MIMO

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Trend : Desire of higher throughput

Higher bandwidth: Now 20MHz is supported and further

Higher MCS scheme: Now 64 QAM is used and further 256

MIMO is technology based on spatial domain, achieve the

obvious improvement of throughput

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Spatial multiplexing gain

Improve system peak throughput

Improve SINR of cell edge

Co-channel interference reduction gain

Applicable for high interference scenario, gain is achieved from

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Spatial Multiplexing Gain

Spatial multiplexing gain is a throughput gain achieved by

adding spatial channels (that is, by adding antennas)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The probability of deep fading after signal combining is

reduced greatly, and the diversity gain is achieved.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Array gain is a power gain achieved by combining signals

from different antennas based on the correlation between

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Co-channel Interference Reduction

Interference mitigation methods can achieve the co-

channel interference reduction gain by minimizing the

Co-channel interference reduction gain is achieved by using

interference rejection combining (IRC) or other interference

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE support variable MIMO scheme with different aspect

Based on whether the transmitter feedback channel

Open-loop MIMO : Just feedback CQI and rank(Optional)

Closed-loop MIMO: Beside CQI and rank, PMI is also required

Based on the number of spatial data streams transmitted at

Spatial diversity: only 1 data stream for each user, rank=1

Spatial multiplexing: 1 or more streams for each user,

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

MIMO Modes Supported by

1x2 (Basic feature)

MU-MIMO :2x2 or 2x4

Open-loop transmit diversity (OL-TD)

Closed-loop transmit diversity (CL-TD)

Open-loop spatial multiplexing (OL-SM)

Closed-loop spatial multiplexing (CL-SM)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Principle of Receive Diversity

Receive diversity is a diversity scheme in which each UE

uses one antenna for transmission and occupies a time