PRESENTATION ON MMX

TECHNOLOGY
Submitted by Nisha kumari
(Dept. of IT)
UIET, P.U
CONTENTS..
1. Introduction.
2. Types.
3. MMX Registers.
4. MMX instruction Set.
5. New data types.
6. Advantages and Disadvantages.
7. Summary.




MMX TECH..
MMX technology was initially
named as MultiMedia eXtensions.
Multiple Math eXtension, or
Matrix Math eXtension.

MMX technology was introduced to
improve video compression /
decompression,image manipulation,
encryption,audio synthesis etc..

MMX TECHNOLGY
. Its goal was to increase the speed at
which certain "multimedia" operations are
performed. And, in fact, MMX technology
improves the performance of current and
future graphics and communications
applications while maintaining
compatibility with the existing Intel
Architecture (IA) software base.








MMX TECHNOLOGY

So in other words, Intel added
enhancements to their processors
which could speed up multimedia
instructions while remaining
compatible with everything already out
there. MMX is an extension of IA. In
fact, MMX is IA's most significant
enhancement since 1985, when the
Intel 386 processor was released. The
386 extended the architecture to 32
bits.


MMX TECHNOLOGY
MMX includes new instructions and data
types to achieve increased levels of
performance on the host CPU by
exploiting the parallelism inherent in a
great deal of the algorithms in these
applications. MMX can deliver 50%-100%
performance gains for multimedia and
communications applications over the
same applications run on the same type
of processor but without MMX technology.
MMX TECH.
The main technique for maintaining
compatibility of MMX technology was to
"hide" it inside the existing floating-point
state and registers (current operating
systems and applications are designed to
work with the floating-point state). An
operating system doesn't need to know if
MMX technology is present, since it's
hidden in the floating-point state.
Applications have to check for the
presence of MMX technology, and if it's
built into the processor they use the new
instructions.

MMX
These extensions (which include new
registers, data types and instructions) are
combined with the Single Instruction,
Multiple Data (SIMD) Execution model.


Pentium II processor
with MMX technology
How improve performance??
Technical overview of MMX tech: All
MMX chips have a larger internal L1 cache
than their non-MMX counterparts.

Developers guide of MMX tech: Intel's
has Intel Architecture (IA) instruction set.
It has 57 new commands or instructions ,
called single instruction, multiple data
(SIMD).
SIMD Technique..
The Single Instruction Multiple Data
(SIMD)
The MMX instructions operate in parallel
on the individual bytes.

Example:

The arithmetic or logical operations are
done.

SIMD Features..
1. The SIMD Technique speeds up the
software performance

2. The SIMD instruction model can access
up to 8 bytes at a time.

3. The SIMD technology supports parallel
operations at one time.

Types..
Pentium Processors with MMX
Technology has :

1. 200 MHz and 233 MHz Pentium
processors(MMX technology).
2. Low-power Pentium processors with MMX
technology of 166 MHz and 266 MHz.
NOTE: The 166 MHz Pentium processor has
temperature range -40C to +115C.

3. Intel 430TX PCIset.
Low Power Intel Pentium Processor
with MMX Technology..
1. High Performance in a New Package for
Embedded Applications.

NOTE: Both are available in thin HL- PBGA
,PPGA packaging.

2. Low Power.

3. Better Thermal Efficiency.


MMX Register
The MMX technology gives the eight 64-
bit general purpose registers and 57
instructions.
The general purpose registers are named
MM0 to MM7.

MMX Register Set
Why general purpose registers
that are mapped on the floating-
point registers?
Answer..
To reside MMX data to the 80-bit floating
point registers.

It reside MMX data to first 64 bits of
floating point register.

All the mapping happen , inside the
processor, and we just only see the
physical floating point registers.
When mapping is done.then??
Any applications which use MMX
technology have to use 16 registers.
16
Registers
Eight MMX
registers, that
hold packed data
.(each 64 bits in
size)
Eight are integer
registers , used for
different operations
like addressing, loop
control , data
manipulation etc..
Characteristics of MMX Register
1. MMX registers are random access
registers.

2. MMX registers are used for holding
packet data only.

3. Floating point registers are 80 bit wide.

4. MMX registers are 64 bit wide.
MMX Instruction set
The MMX instructions vary from one
another by a few characteristics.

Arithmetic operations.
comparison operations .
conversion instructions.
logical operations.
data transfer instructions.


Cont..
Arithmetic and comparison instructions
have different opcode for each supported
data.

All MMX instructions operate on two
operands:
1. The source
2. The destination operand.
The instruction overwrites the destination
operand with the result.
For example, a two-operand instruction :


OPERATION DEST, SRC

would be decoded as:

DEST = DEST OPERATION SRC

MMX instruction has syntax:
Prefix: P for Packed
Instruction operation:- ADD, CMP, or XOR
Suffix:
US for Unsigned Saturation
S for Signed saturation
B, W, D, Q for the data type: packed byte(b),
packed word(w), packed double word(d), or
quadword(q).
Example: PADDSB is a
MMX instruction (P)
that sums (ADD) the
8 bytes (B) of the source and destination
operands and
saturates the result (S).

MMX TECH
A major feature of MMX instructions is
saturation arithmetic. Saturation arithmetic is
important to many graphics routines. As an
example, assume you add together two medium-
red pixels. Saturating arithmetic ensures the
result is a dark red or black. It's certainly
different than regular integer math, where you
could perform the above operation and end up
with a light-colored result. In other words,
saturation arithmetic handles "wrap-around"
problems. This is a very handy thing to have.
MMX supports both signed and unsigned
saturating arithmetic.
MMX TECH.
The parallelism and saturating arithmetic
in MMX are useful in some video
conferencing compression schemes.
NEW DATA TYPES
Now the problem arises that element in
data types is not fixed-point integer??

To overcome this problem MMX
technology introduces four new data types

This all control by the user to specify the
place of the fixed point within the
elements throughout the calculation.
Four data types

Packed byte

8 bytes packed into 64 bits

Packed word

4 words packed into 64 bits

Packed doubleword
2 doublewords packed into
64 bits

Packed quadword

64 bits
Example..
Pixels are generally in 8-bit integers.
Eight of these pixels are packed together
in a 64-bit quantity and moved into an
MMX register.
With MMX ,it performs the arithmetic or
logical operation on all eight elements in
parallel, and writes the result into an MMX
register.
MOTIVE : The parallelism of MMX
technology depends on the size of data
No parallelism, when using 64-bit data.
Advantages of MMX Tech.. Over
without MMX Tech..
MMX TECH..
WITHOUT MMX TECH..
1. 10 to 20 percent performance
boost .
1. As Previous is.
2. 57 new instruction . 2. It works on 5-6
operation/instruction set.
3. The extended temperature is
-40C to +115C.
3. It works on normal
temperature.
4. The Intel 430TX PCIset
supports synchronous DRAM
[SDRAM] .
4. No type of Intel 430TX PCIset.
5. New embedded designs. 5. No new embedded designs.
Disadvantages of MMX tech.
1. MMX work only on integer values and
used the floating-point unit for
processing, so time was lost when a shift
to floating-point operations.

2. The same processing is done on many
data points.


MMX in embedded applications
Intel's XScale processors.

USE : iwMMXt technology.

It provides arithmetic and logic
operations on 64-bit integer numbers.

It contains 16 data registers of 64-bits
and 8 control registers of 32-bits.



SUMMARY
The Pentium processor is the first
microprocessor to support Intel MMX
technology.

According to Intel, an MMX
microprocessor runs a multimedia
application up to 60% faster.
In addition, it runs other applications
about 10% faster.

THANK YOU..