RESEARCH METHODS

AMA Computer College - Makati Campus

Graduate Studies Program
Masters in Business Administration
1
st
Trimester 2014-2015

Professor Ivy M. Boca,
MPA
1. Systematic investigation to establish
facts.
2. A search for knowledge.
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
Systematic investigative process employed to
increase or revise current knowledge by
discovering new facts.
A detailed study of a subject, especially in order
to discover (new) information or reach a (new)
understanding.
Scientific investigation of phenomena which
includes collection, presentation, analysis and
interpretation of facts that links an individuals
speculation with reality.



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KNOW THE PARTS OF A RESEARCH PAPER

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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
1. Empirical Research is based on direct
experience or observation by the researcher.
2. Logical Research is based on valid
procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical Research is cyclical because it
starts with a problem and ends with a
problem.
4. Analytical- Research utilizes proven
analytical procedures in gathering data.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH CONT..
5. Critical Research exhibits careful and
precise judgment. A high level of confidence
must be satisfied.
6. Methodical Research is conducted in
methodical manner without bias using
systematic methods and procedures.
7. Replicability The research design and
procedures are replicated or repeatedto
enable the researcher to arrive at valid and
conclusive results.
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IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
Research helps us learn
more about things, people,
and events. In doing
research, we are able to
make smart decisions.
Research helps us
understand how anything
works or how anything is
made.
Research determines the
success or failure of
change in any process or
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QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCHER
R- ESEARCH ORIENTED
E- FFICIENT
S - CIENTIFIC
E - FFECTIVE
A - CTIVE
R - ESOURCEFUL
C - REATIVE
H - ONEST
E - CONOMICAL
R - ELIGIOUS
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3 TYPES OF RESEARCH
1. Basic Research
2. Applied Research
3. Developmental Research

Basic Research
- Also called as Fundamental Research
or Pure Research .
- Seeks to discover basic truths or principles.
- It is intended to add to the body of scientific
knowledge by exploring the unknown to extend
the boundaries of knowledge as well as to
discover new facts, and learn more accurately the
characteristics of known without any particular
thought as to immediate practical utility.
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1. Basic research is inquiry aimed at increasing
scientific knowledge.

is experimental and theoretical work
undertaken to acquire new knowledge without
looking for long-term benefits other than the
advancement of knowledge.

Basic (aka fundamental or pure ) research is
driven by a scientist's curiosity or interest in a
scientific question. The main motivation is to
expand man's knowledge , not to create or
invent something.

3 TYPES OF RESEARCH CONT
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2) Applied research is effort aimed at using
basic research for solving problems or
developing new processes, products, or
techniques.
is designed to solve practical problems of the
modern world, rather than to acquire
knowledge for knowledge's sake. One might
say that the goal of the applied scientist is to
improve the human condition . Produces
knowledge of practical use to man.





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Applied researchers may investigate ways to:
improve agricultural crop production
treat or cure a specific disease
improve the energy efficiency of homes,
offices, or modes of transportation.

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3. Developmental Research
Decision oriented research involving the
application of the steps of the scientific
method in response to immediate need to
improve existing practices.
Researcher continues to find practical
application from theoretical knowledge and
use this existing knowledge to produce
useful products.

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CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
1. Library Research
done in the library.
The historical method of research lends itself to
library research because the study is focused
on the past and much of the secondary
sources are found in the library.
2. Field Research
Research here is conducted in a natural
setting.
Is both applicable to descriptive survey and
experimental methods.



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3. Laboratory Research
Conducted in artificial or controlled
conditions isolating the study in a thoroughly
specified equipped area;the purposes are:
1. To test hypotheses derived from theory
2. To control variance under research
conditions.
3. To discover the relations between the
independent and dependent variable.
Laboratory research is applicable to
experimental, descriptive and case study
methods.

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THE VARIABLE
Meaning of Variable
Is defined as a quantity susceptible of fluctuation or
change in value or magnitude under different
conditions.
Numerical values or categories represent these
qualities.
Types of Variable

1. Independent Variable this is the stimulus variable
which is chosen by the researcher to determine its
relationship to an observed phenomenon.
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2. Dependent Variable
Is the response variable which is observed and
measured to determine the effect of the
independent variable.
3. Moderate Variable
Is the secondary or special type of independent
variable chosen by the researcher to determine if
it changes or modifies the relationships between
the IV and DV.
Example: if an investigator wishes to determine the effects of the
independent variable A on the dependent variable B, but suspects
that a third factor C changes or modifies the relationship between
A and B, the C is considered as the moderator variable.
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4. Control Variable
A variable that is controlled by the investigator in
which the effects can be neutralized by eliminating
or removing the variable.

Example: the investigator wishes to determine the
effects of independent variable A on dependent
variable B. He may control Z ( control variable)
because he cannot do many variables
simultaneously.

In other words he may eliminate D to neutralize the
effects.CV will guarantee that it will not have a
moderating effect on the relationship between A and
B.




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5. Intervening Variable
A variable which interferes with the IV and
DV,but its effects can either strengthen or
weaken the IV and DV.
Example : A researcher wishes determine
how
A (IV) will affect B ( DV) .It is possible that
F(intervening variable) might have an effect
on B.
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COMPONENTS OF RESEARCH PROCESS
1. Problem/Objectives
The investigator has identified, researchable and
has implications to government thrusts.
Based on the major problem identified,he
formulates specific problems/objectives of the
study.
2. Hypotheses
Using the specific problems/objectives as basis to
test the hypotheses.
Either null(H) or Alternative ( H1), to have a
scientific conclusion of the study either to reject or
accept it.



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3. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
Constructs a theoretical or conceptual framework
as basis for describing properly relationships of
variables to be used in the study.
4. Assumptions
States the assumptions clearly to provide the
foundations of the study.
5. Review of Related Literature and Studies
To determine the similarities and differences of the
findings to past studies and to gain insights into the
aspects of the problem that are critical and
controversial.

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6. Research Design
Use the most appropriate research design
7. Data Collection
From the research design, you can decide the definite
research instrument for collecting data and these data
are processed either manually or by machine, whichever
is more convenient, economical and accurate.
8. Data Processing and Statistical Statement
Use the correct statistical tools
9. Analysis & Interpretation
in order that a reasonable precise analysis and
interpretation of results can be attained.

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10. Summary,Conclusions and
Recommendations
Finally summarizes the whole study.
Draw conclusions based on the findings and
hypotheses tested.
Make recommendations for further research.
Be sure that recommendations should be
dovetail with the conclusion.
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REFERENCES:
Ariola, Mariano M. (2006).Principles and
Methods of Research. Manila,Philippines:
REX Book Store, Inc.
Calmorin,Laurentina P., & Calmorin,Melchor
A.(2012)Research Methods and Thesis
Writing:
Manila Philippines.Manila,Philippines: REX
Book Store,Inc.
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