Population Geography I

(Demography)
The Where and Why of Population
Density (Concentration)
Distribution (Location)
Demographics (Characteristics)
Dynamics (Over time)
Interpretation
Interpretation
FACT:
According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), the death rate in
the United States due to heart
disease is approximately 3x higher
than in Haiti and over 5.5x higher
than in Angola.

This is true because
Deaths Due to Other Causes
Tuberculosis Deaths (per 100,000)
U.S. Angola Haiti
0* 33 71

AIDS Deaths (per 100,000)
U.S. Angola Haiti
7.3 78 83

Malaria Deaths (per 100,000)
U.S. Angola Haiti
0* 150 8
Life Expectancy
U.S. Angola Haiti
M F M F M F
75 80 40 43 59 63
So Remember!
Data is just a
bunch of
numbers!
In order to
effectively use
data, you MUST:
Analyze
Interpret
Place into the right
context
Population Density
Not only WHERE people are located, but
the DISTRIBUTION (clustering or
dispersion) of people across or within a
given region
Measured in people per unit of area
People per square mile (mi
2
)
People per square kilometer (km
2
)
People per acre
Population Density
World Population Density
2010
people per square mi (mi
2
)
Population by Continents
(2010)
Continent Population People/mi
2
Asia 4,157,000,000 203
Africa 1,130,000,000 65
Antarctica 0 0
Oceana/Oz/NZ 37,000,000 6.4
Europe 739,000,000 134
North America 347,000,000 32
Latin America 620,000,000 73
TOTAL 7,000,000,000+ 105

U.S. Population Densities
(people/mi
2
)

Lower 48 states 95
NJ 1,134
WY 5
Manhattan 66,834

Wisconsin 99
Eau Claire Co. 146
Florence Co. 10
Milwaukee Co. 3885
World Population Densities
(people/mi
2
)
Australia 7
Bangladesh 2261
Canada 8
Netherlands 1002
United States 80
Singapore 17,746
Vatican City 4,500
Distribution:
Why do we live where we live?
Trans-Siberian railroads
in eastern Russia
Omsk
Demography
(Population characteristics)
Ascribed
Gender
Race
Age

Achieved
Education
Income
Occupation
Employment
Etc.
Census:
Count of population
and its characteristics
http://galen.metapath.org/popclk.html


According to the U.S. Census Bureau,
the total population of the World,
projected to 3/31/14 at 15:57 GMT
(CDT+5) was

7,092,472,645
Population Statistics
Birth Rate (per 1,000)
Death Rate (per 1,000)
Fertility Rate (Children born/Woman)
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000)
Natural Increase % (Births Deaths per 1,000)
Life Expectancy (years)
World Birth Rate
(births per 1,000 population)
World Death Rate
(deaths per 1,000 population)
Fertility Rate
(# of children per woman of childbearing age)
Infant Mortality Rate
(deaths of infants <1 year old)
Lack of maternal health care or child nutrition
Uneven locally
Red areas higher than at least 28
Third World countries, including:
Infant Mortality Rate in Philadelphia
Jamaica
Cuba
Argentina
Costa Rica
South Korea
Chile
Malaysia
Panama
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Uruguay
Dynamics
Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)
Births
- Deaths
RNI



RNI Figures (%)
PERIPHERY
Uganda 3.4
Niger 3.4
Mali 3.2
Burkina Faso 3.1

Senegal 2.7
Afghanistan 2.5
Iraq 2.4
Tanzania 2.0
Philippines 2.0
Honduras 1.9
Bolivia 1.7
SEMI-PERIPHERY
Mexico 1.4
India 1.4
Brazil 1.1
CORE
United States 0.5
China 0.5
France 0.4
Canada 0.2
Denmark 0.0
Hungary -0.3
Serbia -0.5
Ukraine -0.6
Rates of Natural Increase
(Birth Rate - Death Rate)
Russians get day off to
procreate, then win prizes
The Denver Post
12/24/2007

Moscow - A Russian region of Ulyanovsk has found a novel way to fight the nation's
birth-rate crisis: It has declared Sept. 12 the Day of Conception and for the third year
running is giving couples time off from work to procreate. The hope is for a brood
of babies exactly nine months later on Russia's national day. Couples who "give
birth to a patriot" during the June 12 festivities win money, cars, refrigerators and
other prizes.
Russia, with one-seventh of Earth's land surface, has just 141.4 million citizens,
making it one of the most sparsely settled countries in the world. With a low birth
rate and a high death rate, the population has been shrinking since the early 1990s.
In his state-of-the-nation address last year, President Vladimir Putin called the
demographic crisis the most acute problem facing Russia and announced a broad
effort to boost Russia's birth rate, including cash incentives to families that have
more than one child.
The 2007 grand prize went to Irina and Andrei Kartuzov, who received a UAZ-
Patriot, a sport utility vehicle. Other contestants won video cameras, TVs,
refrigerators and washing machines.
Doubling Time
Rule of 70
Number of years it will take for population
to double at current growth rate
70 Growth Rate = Doubling Time

Growth Rate Doubling Time
Uganda 3.4% 21 years
Afghanistan 2.5% 28 years
India 1.4% 50 years
United States .5% 140 years
Denmark 0.0% --
Ukraine -0.6% 117 years* (1/2)


Life Expectancy
AGE DYNAMICS
Dependents: Under 15 &
over 65
How many supported by
15-65 group?
Problems?
Dependency Ratio
Low birth and death rates in Core
Low population growth (not including
immigration)
Steadily older population
Graying of the Core
Baby Bust
(1965-1980)
Baby Boom
(1946-1964)
Baby Boom impacts yet to come
Population Momentum /
Population Echo

Strain on Social Security

Growing health care
costs

Challenge is on YOU to
support them financially!
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2000 2030
Millions
over 65
in U.S.
Population Pyramid
tracks age-sex groups
U.S. (virtually no growth)
Nigeria (rapid growth)
Argentina (slow growth)
Ukraine?
Germany
(effect of wars in 20
th
Century)
China (One-child policy)
Canada, 1971-2006
Russia, 1990-2050
U.A.E.
Northern Mariana Islands
Sun City (Arizona) retirement community
Eau Claire County
6.4% 5.7%
5.0% 4.4%
Athens County, OH
8.1% 8.2%
7.0% 6.0%
Demographic Transition Model
Move from high birth and death rates
to low birth and death rates
Took centuries of development
for Core to make transition
More difficult for Periphery
to make transition without its
own capital, skills, education


Demographic Transition
1 2 3 4
Demographic Transition: Stage 5
Stages of
Demographic
Transition
1. Pre-Industrial Equilibrium
(High BR, High DR =
basic, subsistence living)
2. Early Industrialization
(High BR, Declining DR =
better sanitation, health care)
3. Developed Industrialization
(Declining BR, Low DR =
modernization, change of values)
4. Post-Industrial Equilibrium
(Low BR, Low DR) =
fully developedcore countries today
5. Deindustrialization
(BR is lower than DR =
fully developedlosing manufacturing

1 2 3 4 5
Which Stage?
Core?
Periphery?
Semi-Periphery?
Demographic Transition in Denmark
Core (low birth / death rates)
Demographic Transition in Chile
Semi-Periphery
(lower death rates, falling birth rates)
Demographic Transition in Cape Verde, Africa
Periphery (high birth, high death rates)
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834):
Theory of Overpopulation
Famine
Disease
War
History of World Population
2014
7
Why is Population Growth so High
in the Periphery?
Lack of education / information
Lack of career / opportunities
Womens roles (or lack thereof)
Lack of access to technology
(i.e. contraception)
Survival: farm labor, old age
Colonial Legacy: Catholicism
Q: Because the Core consumes far
more resources do we, therefore,
foment, encourage, and desire the
(re)production of more cheap,
unskilled young labor?
Population growth is a symptom of poverty
Womens Empowerment:
Contraception Rates
Policies to lower birth rate
Forced
One-child policy (China)
Coercive population control
Gynocide
Infanticide
Voluntary
Availability of birth control
Incentives for small families
Social
Empowerment of women
Better health care and education
Significant decrease in child labor
Social Security