SDH Multiplexing BY: Tx-I Faculty Alttc, GZB

SDH
MULTIPLEXING
BY
TX-I FACULTY
ALTTC, GZB.
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 1
BASIC PHILOSOPHY
• MULTIPLEXING IS REQUIRED TO TRANSMIT
SO MANY INFORMATION ON THE SAME
PATH.
• SO IN CASE OF SDH MULTIPLEXING TIME
REMAINS THE SAME IN WHICH WE CAN
TRANSMIT THE INFORMATION OF SO MANY
CHANNELS BY WAY OF INTERLEAVING
METHOD.
DEFINITION OF DIFFERENT
TERMINOLOGY
• STM- IT IS THE FINAL INFORMATION STRUCTURE
WHICH IS TO BE SUPERIMPOSED OVER THE LASER
FOR TRANSMISSION TO DISTANT END.
• IT IS THE SIGNAL WHICH IS AVAILABLE FOR
TRANSMISSION WHEN ALL THE MUXING IS OVER.
PATH
• PATH INDICATES THE LANE THROUGH WHICH
THE INPUT SIGNAL IS ALLOWED TO PASS TO
REACH UP TO HIGHER ORDER PATH OR TO
SOME OTHER HIGHER LEVEL
SECTION
• SECTION INDICATES THAT NOW DATA IS
PROCESSED COMPLETELY AND IS AVAILABLE FOR
MODULATION OVER THE LASER
• IN MOST OF THE CASES SOME OVERHEAD HOUSE

KEEPING BITS ARE ALSO ADDED JUST BEFORE
MODULATION
CONTAINER
• AS THE NAME SUGGESTS IT IS A BOX OF FIXED SIZE
WITH VERY LITTLE ELASTICITY
• THIS BOX CAN TAKE VARIETY OF PDH
INPUTS( MAX=2).
• CONTAINER IS THE FIRST ITEM IN THE CHAIN OF SDH
MAPPING/MULTIPLEXING
VIRTUAL CONTAINER
• IT IS THE SECOND ITEM IN THE CHAIN OF
MULTIPLEXING
• CONTAINER ADDED WITH SOME PATH OVERHEAD

IS CALLED VIRTUAL CONTAINER
• CONTAINER AND VIRTUAL CONTAINER ARE

CALLED PATH
PATH LEVEL
• IF WE ARE STARTING THE MUX CHAIN FROM 2MB OR 1.5MB
LEVEL THEN WE ARE FOLLOWING THE LOWER ORDER PATH.
• IF WE ARE STARTING THE MUX CHAIN FROM 34 OR 140 MB

LEVEL THEN WE ARE AT THE HIGHER ORDER PATH.
TU PA
TH
VC
FIRST THREE STAGES OF MULTIPLEXING
TRIBUTARY UNIT
• TRIBUTARY UNIT IS AN AGENT THAT PROVIDES
ADAPTATION OR HANDSHAKE BETWEEN HIGHER
ORDER PATH AND LOWER ORDER PATH
VIRTUAL
CONTAINER
CONTAINER
TRIBUTARY UNIT
POINTER
ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT
• ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT PROVIDES ADAPTATION OR

HANDSHAKE BETWEEN FINAL FRAME
LAYER(SECTION LAYER) AND HIGHER ORDER PATH
LAYER
POINTER
• AS THE NAME INFERS, POINTER POINTS TO THE
START OF THE FRAME WHEN COMPARED TO
OMNIPRESENT SYCHRONOUS CLOCK
• VALUE OF THE POINTER INDICATES THE ACTUAL

OFFSET
SDH MAPPING
• SDH MAPPING IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH INPUT
DATA IS FILLED IN THE FIRST BOX ,THAT IS,
CONTAINER.
• DATA MAY NOT BE OF THE IDEAL SIZE TO GET

ADJUSTED IN THE BOX BUT VARIATIONS SHOULD
NOT EXCEED THE ELASTIC LIMIT OF THE BOX
SDH
MULTIPLEXING
• PROCESS OF ADAPTAION OF LOWER ORDER PATH IN TO
HIGHER ORDER PATH IS CALLED MULTIPLEXING.
• PROCESS OF ADAPTAION OF HIGHER ORDER PATH IN TO
SECTION LAYER IS ALSO CALLED MULTIPLEXING.
SDH ALIGNING
• ALIGNING IN SDH IS CALLED THE ALIGNING OF THE
LOCAL FRAME OF SDH WITH THE GLOBAL CLOCK
FLOWING IN THE RING.
• ALIGNING TAKES PLACE AT THE ADMINISTRATIVE
UNIT
SDH RATES
• STM-1 = 155.520 MB/S
• STM-4 = 622.080 MB/S
• STM-16 = 2488.32 MB/S
• STM-64 = 9953.28 MB/S
SDH BIT RATE CALCULATION
NO OF ROWS IN FRAME: 9
NO OF COLUMNS: 270
NO OF BYTES IN FRAME: 270*9
NO OF BITS IN A FRAME: 270*9*8
FRAME DURATION: 125us
NO OF BITS TRANSMITTED IN ONE SECOND:
270*9*8*1000000
--------------------------
125
=155.520Mb/S
FINAL SDH FRAME
OVERHEAD 9
1 270
RSOH
POINTER 3
4 PAY LOAD
MSOH
MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs
140MB/S
C4
C4
POH
+ C4
C4 = VC4
VC4
POINTER
+ VC4
VC4 VC4
VC4 AU-4
FLOATING PAYLOAD
VC4
VC4 AU-4
FIXED PAYLOAD
VC4
VC4 AUG
RSOH
RSOH
MSOH
+ VC4
VC4 AUG
MSOH
RSOH
RSOH
= VC4
VC4 STM-I
MSOH
MSOH
C3
34MB/S
C3 POH VC3
VC3 TU3
+ =
POINTER
TU3 TUG3
AFTER ALIGNMENT =
TUG3 TUG3 TUG3
VC-4
POINTER
+ VC4
VC4 VC4
VC4 AU-4
VC4
VC4 AU-4
FIXED PAYLOAD
VC4
VC4 AUG
RSOH
RSOH
MSOH
+ VC4
VC4 AUG
MSOH
RSOH
RSOH
= VC4
VC4
MSOH
MSOH
VC12
C1
2MB
PATH OVER HEAD
POINTER TU12
VC12
TU12 TU12 TU12
TUG 2
C12
POH VC12
POINTER TU12
TU12
TU12 TU12 TU12
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX TUG2 34

1 2 3 7
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
TUG3
N N
P P
I I
TUG3 TUG3 TUG3
VC-4
POINTER
+ VC4
VC4 VC4
VC4 AU-4
VC4
VC4 AU-4
FIXED PAYLOAD
VC4
VC4 AUG
RSOH
RSOH
MSOH
+ VC4
VC4 AUG
MSOH
RSOH
RSOH
= VC4
VC4 STM-I
MSOH
MSOH
TUG3 TUG3 TUG3
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
ALTTC PAYLOAD TX-I/SDH/MUX 42

SDH-MAPPING
• MAPPING IS THE PROCESS THROUGH WHICH

PDH TRIBUTARY IS ALLOWED TO BE ADAPTED
IN THE CONTAINER
• FOR THREE DIFFERENT TRIBUTARY THERE

ARE THREE DIFFERENT CONTAINERS
MAPPING OF 139.264Kb/S
• THIS SIGNAL, E4 WILL GO TO C-4, C-4 HAS 9

ROWS AND 260 COLUMNS IN 125
MICROSECONDS
• ONE ROW IS BIFURCATED IN TO 20 BLOCKS

OF 13 BYTES
• ONE BLOCK IS IN THE FORM OF ONE BYTE IN

THE FORM OF W/X/Y/Z BYTE FOLLOWED BY
12 BYTES OF DATA
G.709 MAPPING GRAPH
=DATA
=W
=X
=Y
=Z
W =D1..D8, Y=R1..R8, X = CR1..R7, Z = D1..D6SR

PERMISSIBLE OFFSET CALCULATION
• TOTAL NUMBER OF INFORMATION BITS IN

ONE ROW = 1934 BITS
• JUSTIFICATION BITS = 5
• OPPORTUNITYBITS = 1
• STUFF B ITS = 140
MAPPING OF E3 IN C3
• C-3 IS 9 ROWS BY 84 COLUMNS IN 125

MICROSECONDS
• THIS PAYLOAD IS DIVIDED IN TO THREE

• SUBFRAMES
• EACH SUBFRAME IS DIVIDED IN THREE ROWS
• EACH ROW IS DIVIDED IN TO 16 BLOCKS OF 4

BYTES AND 4 BLOCKS OF 5 BYTES
FIRST ROW
X X X X Y X X X X
Z X X X X A X X X
X B
R= ALL FIXED STUFF
C= 6 FIXED STUFF BITS +2 CBITS
Z=RC+24BITS
X = R+24BITS
Y = RR+24BITS A=RR + 24BITS

B=RC +24BITS
SECOND ROW
X X X X Y X X X X
Z X X X X A X X X
X B
R= ALL FIXED STUFF
C= 6 FIXED STUFF BITS +2 CBITS
Z=RC+24BITS
X = R+24BITS
Y = RR+24BITS A=RR + 24BITS

B=RC +24BITS
THIRD ROW
X X X X Y X X X X
Z X X X X A X X X
X B1
a+b = 7 R BITS + 7 D BITS + 2 S BITS
Z=RC+24BITS
X =R+24BITS
Y = RR+24BITS A=RR+ 24BITS

B1=RR +a + b+8BITS
• TOTAL NUMBER OF DATA BITS IN SUBFRAME

=1431
• JUSTIFICATION BITS = 10
• OPPORTUNITY BITS = 2
• FIXED STUFF BITS = 573
MAPPING OF E1 IN TO C12
• C12 IS 136 BYTES IN 500 MICROSECOND
• IT IS ONLY IN THE CASE OF E1 THAT THE

FRAMEDURATION IS FOUR FOLD ELSE IT IS 125
MICROSECOND TO MAKE THE THINGS CLEAR
IT IS CALLED MULTIFRAME
C12 CONFIGURATION
C1
C1 C1
C2 S2
R8 32 BYTES R8 C2 32BYTES R8C2 32BYTES R8 31BYTER8
R5 D7
R6 R6
S1
500 MICROSECONDS
• TOTAL NUMBER OF INFORMATION BITS =1023
• JUSTIFICATION BITS=6
• OPPORTUNITY BITS=2
• FIXED STUFF BITS =57
• IN 500 MICROSECONDS
DESCRIPTION OF OVERHEADS BYTES
A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0
B1 E1 F1
D1 D2 D2
POINTER
B2 B2 B2 K1 K2
D4 D5 D6
D7 D8 D9
D10 D11 D12
S1 M1 E2
RSOH: ROWS 1-3
MSOH: ROWS 5-9
BYTES LOCATION FOR STM-N: IDENTIFIED BY S(a,b,c);
a=row; b=column; c=depth.
DESSCRIPTION OF SECTION OVERHEADS BYTES
A1 & A2 FRAMING BYTES; A1=11110110, A2=00101000
J0 &Z0 J0 at S(1,7,1) USED AS SECTION ACCESS POINT

IDENTIFIER USING A 16-BYTE FRAME.
Z0 at S(1,7,2) - S(1,7,N) RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE
B1 BIP-8; FOR REGN. SECTION ERROR MONITORING
E1 ORDERWIRE IN REGN. SECTION
F1 USER CHANNEL TO PROVIDE DATA/VOICE

CONNECTION FOR MTCE PURPOSES.
D1-D3 DCC FOR REGN. SECTION (192 kbps)
Thank you.

SDH Multiplexing BY: Tx-I Faculty Alttc, GZB

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SDH Multiplexing BY: Tx-I Faculty Alttc, GZB

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SDH

• STM- IT IS THE FINAL INFORMATION STRUCTURE

WHICH IS TO BE SUPERIMPOSED OVER THE LASER

FOR TRANSMISSION TO DISTANT END.

• IT IS THE SIGNAL WHICH IS AVAILABLE FOR

TRANSMISSION WHEN ALL THE MUXING IS OVER.

• IN MOST OF THE CASES SOME OVERHEAD HOUSE

WITH VERY LITTLE ELASTICITY

• THIS BOX CAN TAKE VARIETY OF PDH

• CONTAINER IS THE FIRST ITEM IN THE CHAIN OF SDH

• CONTAINER ADDED WITH SOME PATH OVERHEAD

• CONTAINER AND VIRTUAL CONTAINER ARE

• IF WE ARE STARTING THE MUX CHAIN FROM 34 OR 140 MB

FIRST THREE STAGES OF MULTIPLEXING

ADAPTATION OR HANDSHAKE BETWEEN HIGHER

ORDER PATH AND LOWER ORDER PATH

• ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT PROVIDES ADAPTATION OR

• VALUE OF THE POINTER INDICATES THE ACTUAL

• DATA MAY NOT BE OF THE IDEAL SIZE TO GET

HIGHER ORDER PATH IS CALLED MULTIPLEXING.

• PROCESS OF ADAPTAION OF HIGHER ORDER PATH IN TO

SECTION LAYER IS ALSO CALLED MULTIPLEXING.

LOCAL FRAME OF SDH WITH THE GLOBAL CLOCK

FLOWING IN THE RING.

• ALIGNING TAKES PLACE AT THE ADMINISTRATIVE

• STM-64 = 9953.28 MB/S

TUG3 TUG3 TUG3

PATH OVER HEAD

TU12 TU12 TU12

TU12 TU12 TU12

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX TUG2 34

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

TUG3 TUG3 TUG3

TUG3 TUG3 TUG3

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

ALTTC PAYLOAD TX-I/SDH/MUX 42

• MAPPING IS THE PROCESS THROUGH WHICH

• FOR THREE DIFFERENT TRIBUTARY THERE

• THIS SIGNAL, E4 WILL GO TO C-4, C-4 HAS 9

• ONE ROW IS BIFURCATED IN TO 20 BLOCKS

• ONE BLOCK IS IN THE FORM OF ONE BYTE IN

W =D1..D8, Y=R1..R8, X = CR1..R7, Z = D1..D6SR

• TOTAL NUMBER OF INFORMATION BITS IN

• STUFF B ITS = 140

• C-3 IS 9 ROWS BY 84 COLUMNS IN 125

• THIS PAYLOAD IS DIVIDED IN TO THREE

• EACH SUBFRAME IS DIVIDED IN THREE ROWS

• EACH ROW IS DIVIDED IN TO 16 BLOCKS OF 4

Y = RR+24BITS A=RR + 24BITS

Y = RR+24BITS A=RR + 24BITS

Y = RR+24BITS A=RR+ 24BITS