Lecture - 09 Compression Members Problems

N.W.F.P.
University of Engineering and

Technology Peshawar
1
By: Prof Dr. Akhtar Naeem Khan
chairciv@nwfpuet.edu.pk
Lecture 09: Compression Members
CE-409: Lecture 09 Prof. Dr Akhtar Naeem Khan 2
Effective length of columns
in frames
Rotation of the ends of the columns in
building frames is usually limited by the
beams connecting to them, while
compression members in trusses may
have restricted end rotations because of
other members connecting at the joints.
in frames
KL is called effective length of column and K
effective length factor.
in frames
in frames
So far, we have looked at the buckling strength of
individual columns. These columns had various
boundary conditions at the ends, but they were
not connected to other members with moment
(fix) connections.
The effective length factor K for the buckling of an
individual column can be obtained for the
appropriate end conditions from Table C-C2.1 of
the AISC Manual

in frames
However, when these individual columns are part
of a frame, their ends are connected to other
members (beams etc.).
These frames are sometimes braced and
sometimes un braced.
in frames
A Braced frame is one in which a sideway (joint
translation) is prevented by means of bracing,
shear walls, or lateral support from adjoining
structure.
in frames
A Un Braced does not have any bracing and
must depend on stiffness of its own members and
rotational rigidity of joints between frame
members to prevent lateral buckling.
in frames

Effective length coefficient increases with
decreasing stiffness of the beam and becomes
unity with zero stiffness.
Critical loads for a column depends on:
Its stiffness relative to that of beams framing
into it and
Presence or absence of restraint to lateral
displacement of its ends.

Conclusions
in frames
Braced and Un-braced Frames
in frames
Braced and Un-braced Frames
Similarly you can analyze multi bay, multistory
frames.
Assumptions
Subjected to vertical loads only
All columns become unstable simultaneously
All joint rotations at floor are equal
Restraining moment distributed in proportion to
stiffness.
in frames
Method of Analysis
First, you have to determine whether the
column is part of a braced frame or an
unbraced (moment resisting) frame.
Then, you have to determine the relative
rigidity factor G for both ends of the column
in frames
Method of Analysis
G is defined as the ratio of the summation of the
rigidity (EI/L) of all columns coming together at an
end to the summation of the rigidity (EI/L) of all
beams coming together at the same end.

G =

It must be calculated for both ends of the column.

b
b
c
c
L
I E
L
I E
in frames
Method of Analysis
Then, you can determine the effective length
factor K for the column using the calculated value
of G at both ends, i.e., G
A
and G
B
and the
appropriate alignment chart.
There are two alignment charts provided by the
AISC manual.
in frames
Method of Analysis

One is for columns in braced (side sway
inhibited) frames. See Figure C-C2.2a on page
16.1-191 of the AISC manual. 0 < K 1
The second is for columns in un-braced (side
sway uninhibited) frames. See Figure C-C2.2b on
page 16.1-192 of the AISC manual. 1 < K
in frames
Alignment Chart
in frames
Method of Analysis: Inelastic Case
G is a measure of the relative flexural rigidity of
the columns (EI
c
/L
c
) with respect to the beams
(EI
b
/L
b
)
However, if column buckling were to occur in the
inelastic range (
c
< 1.5), then the flexural rigidity
of the column will be reduced because I
c
will be
the moment of inertia of only the elastic core of
the entire cross-section.
in frames
o
rc
= 10 ksi
o
rt
= 5 ksi
o
rt
= 5 ksi
o
rt
= 5 ksi
o
rc
= 10 ksi
(a) Initial state residual stress (b) Partially yielded state at buckling
Yielded zone
Elastic core, I
c
o
rc
= 10 ksi
o
rt
= 5 ksi
o
rt
= 5 ksi
o
rt
= 5 ksi
o
rc
= 10 ksi
o
rc
= 10 ksi
o
rt
= 5 ksi
o
rt
= 5 ksi
o
rt
= 5 ksi
o
rc
= 10 ksi
(a) Initial state residual stress (b) Partially yielded state at buckling
Yielded zone
Elastic core, I
c
Yielded zone
Elastic core, I
c
in frames
The beams will have greater flexural
rigidity when compared with the
reduced rigidity (EI
c
) of the inelastic
columns. As a result, the beams will be
able to restrain the columns better,
which is good for column design.
in frames
The ratio Fcr/ Fe is called Stiffness reduction factor
in frames
( )
2
2
658 . 0
877 . 0
877 . 0
) 658 . 0 (
,
,
2
2
c
c
c
Fy
c
Fy
elastic Fcr
inelastic Fcr

|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
=
( )
( )
| | |
Elastic
Beams
Cols
t
Inelastic
G
L I E
L I E
G = =
/
/
The ratio Fcr/ Fe is called Stiffness reduction factor
ealstic Fcr
Inealstic Fcr
E
E
t
,
,
= = |
Procedure for Column Design
1. Design Load
2. Assume F
cr
P
n
= A
g
F
cr
= P
u
Find Ag
Select a section
3. Find

4. Find
c
=

E
F
r
L K
y
t
For
c
1.5 F
cr
= F
y
For
c
> 1.5 F
cr
= F
y

5. Fcr Calculated > Fcr Assumed
6. P > Pu. Check

( )
2
c
658 . 0

(
(
2
c
877 . 0
LRFD mannual contains variety of
Design aids, helpful in making original
trial section.
1. Design load
2. Find section for Corresponding P & KL
using table 4-21
3. Calculate an equivalent (KL)eq =
y x
x x
r / r
L K
Using Design Aids
4. Use the calculated (KL)eq value to find
(cPn) the column strength.
1. Select section and its properties
5. Find
c
6. Find Fcr
7. Find P
Using Design Aids
Problem 4-11-1
Problem 4-11-1
Problem 4-11-1
Example Problem 01 ASD
Example Problem 01 LRFD

Column Bases
Column Bases
Example ASD
Example ASD
Example ASD
Example ASD
Example LRFD
Example LRFD
Example LRFD
Example LRFD
CE-409: Lecture 09 Prof. Dr Akhtar Naeem Khan
THANKS

Lecture - 09 Compression Members Problems

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Lecture - 09 Compression Members Problems

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

N.W.F.P.

University of Engineering and

Você também pode gostar