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185
70 . 1
RELIABILITY IN QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
Credibility
Neutrality
Confirmability
Dependability
Consistency
Applicability
Trustworthiness
Transferability
RELIABILITY AND REPLICATION
IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Repeat:
The status position of the researcher
The choice of informants/respondents
The social situations and conditions
The analytic constructs used
The methods of data collection and analysis
Address:
Stability of observations
Parallel forms
Inter-rater reliability
Respondent validation
IMPROVING RELIABILITY
Minimise external sources of variation;
Standardise conditions under which
measurement occurs;
Improve researcher consistency;
Broaden the sample of measurement
questions by:
a) adding similar questions to the
instrument;
b) increasing the number of researchers
(triangulation);
c) increasing the number of occasions in
an observational study.
Exclude extreme responses (outliers).
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY AT
ALL STAGES
Design and methodology
Sampling
Instrumentation
Timing
Data collection
Data analysis
Data reporting